Universities as a fundamental component of innovation systems
Las universidades como componente fundamental de los sistemas de innovación
Palabras clave:
modelos de innovación, triple hélice, tetra hélice, universidad, triagulo de Sábato, innovación abierta., Keywords: innovation models, triple helix, tetra helix, university, Sabato triangle, open innovationResumen
This paper presents the innovation models from the Sabato model to the open innovation models and the triple or tetra helix models, which were potentiated with the OECD documents (1996) The knowledge-based economy and the development report World Development Report: Knowledge for Development 1998/1999 of the World Bank (1998) and relates to the role of the university in fostering innovation. Likewise, it presents a reflection on the operation and development of innovation models in developed countries versus the Latin American region. Finally, it is identified that there are barriers or opportunities for the implementation of these models in Latin America due to the inconsistencies at the macro, meso, and micro levels that must be overcome in order for these models to really work.
Resumen
Este artículo presenta los modelos de innovación, desde el modelo de Sabato hasta los modelos de innovación abierta y los modelos de triple o tetra hélice, los cuales se potencializaron con los documentos la OCDE (1996) “The knowledge-based economy” y del informe de desarrollo mundial “World Development Report: Knowledge for Development 1998-1999” del Banco Mundial (1998). El artículo plantea la relación de estos modelos con el papel de la universidad en el fomento de la innovación. Asimismo, presenta una reflexión sobre el funcionamiento y desarrollo de los modelos de innovación en los países desarrollados en contraste con América Latina. Finalmente, se identifica que existen barreras y oportunidades para la implementación de estos modelos en América Latina debido a las incongruencias a nivel macro, meso y micro que deben ser superadas para que estos modelos puedan realmente funcionar.
Palabras clave: modelos de innovación, triple hélice, tetra hélice, universidad, triángulo de Sabato, innovación abierta.
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