Universities as a fundamental component of innovation systems
Las universidades como componente fundamental de los sistemas de innovación
Keywords:
innovation models, triple helix, tetra helix, university, Sabato triangle, open innovationAbstract
This paper presents the innovation models from the Sabato model to the open innovation models and the triple or tetra helix models, which were potentiated with the OECD documents (1996) The knowledge-based economy and the development report World Development Report: Knowledge for Development 1998/1999 of the World Bank (1998) and relates to the role of the university in fostering innovation. Likewise, it presents a reflection on the operation and development of innovation models in developed countries versus the Latin American region. Finally, it is identified that there are barriers or opportunities for the implementation of these models in Latin America due to the inconsistencies at the macro, meso, and micro levels that must be overcome in order for these models to really work.
Resumen
Este artículo presenta los modelos de innovación, desde el modelo de Sabato hasta los modelos de innovación abierta y los modelos de triple o tetra hélice, los cuales se potencializaron con los documentos la OCDE (1996) “The knowledge-based economy” y del informe de desarrollo mundial “World Development Report: Knowledge for Development 1998-1999” del Banco Mundial (1998). El artículo plantea la relación de estos modelos con el papel de la universidad en el fomento de la innovación. Asimismo, presenta una reflexión sobre el funcionamiento y desarrollo de los modelos de innovación en los países desarrollados en contraste con América Latina. Finalmente, se identifica que existen barreras y oportunidades para la implementación de estos modelos en América Latina debido a las incongruencias a nivel macro, meso y micro que deben ser superadas para que estos modelos puedan realmente funcionar.
Palabras clave: modelos de innovación, triple hélice, tetra hélice, universidad, triángulo de Sabato, innovación abierta.
Downloads
References
Benneworth, P. (2018). Definitions, approaches and challenges to community engagement. In: P. Benneworth, B. Ćulum, T. Farnell, F. Kaiser, M. Seeber, N. Šćukanec, H. Vossensteyn & D. Westerheijden (eds.), Mapping and Critical Synthesis of Current State-of-the-Art on Community Engagement in Higher Education (pp.16-40 , Ch. 1). Zagreb: Institute for the Development of Education.
Berr, E., Moulin, L. & Médor, D. (2017). La mercantilización de la universidad francesa. Diálogos sobre educación. Temas actuales en investigación educativa, 8(14), 1-6.
Chang-Castillo, H. G. (2010). El modelo de la triple hélice como un medio para la vinculación entre universidad y empresa. Revista Nacional de Administración. Escuela de Ciencias de Administración, Costa Rica, 1(10), 85-94.
Chesbrough, H. W. (2003). Open Innovation: The new imperative for creating and profiting from technology. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
Da Wan, C., Lee, M. N. & Loke, H. Y. (eds.). (2019). The Governance and Management of Universities in Asia: Global Influences and Local Responses. New York: Routledge.
Etzkowitz, H. & Leydesdorff, L. (1995). The Triple Helix---University-Industry-Government Relations: A Laboratory for Knowledge-Based Economic Development. EASST Review, 14(1), 14–19.
Etzkowitz, H. & Leydesdorff, L. (2000). The Dynamics of Innovation: From National Systems and “Mode 2” to a Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations. Research Policy, 29(2), 109–123. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00055-4
European Council. (2000). Lisbon agreement: Lisbon European Council 23 and 24 March. European Parliament. Available at: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/summits/lis1_es.htm
García de Fanelli, A. & Pita Carranza, M. (2018). Los rankings y sus usos en la gobernanza universitaria. CTS: Revista iberoamericana de ciencia, tecnología y sociedad, 13(37), 96-113.
Hancock, S. (2019). A future in the knowledge economy? Analysing the career strategies of doctoral scientists through the principles of game theory. Higher Education, 78(1), 33-49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-018-0329-z
Kerry, C. & Danson, M. (2016). Open innovation, Triple Helix and regional innovation systems: Exploring CATAPULT Centres in the UK. Industry and Higher Education, 30(1), 67-78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5367/ihe.2016.0292
Leydesdorff, L. (1994). Epilogue. In: L. Leydesdorff & P. A. A. van den Besselaar (eds.), Evolutionary Economics and Chaos Theory: New directions for technology studies (pp. 180–192). London/New York: Pinter.
Leydesdorff, L. (2006). The Knowledge-Based Economy: Modeled, Measured, Simulated. Boca Raton: Universal Publishers.
Leydesdorff, L. (2012). The Triple Helix, Quadruple Helix …, and an N-tuple of Helices: explanatory models for analyzing the knowledge-based economy. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 3(1), 25–35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-011-0049-4
Leydesdorff, L. & Ivanova, I. (2016). “Open innovation” and “triple helix” models of innovation: can synergy in innovation systems be measured? Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 2(1), 11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40852-016-0039-7
Leydesdorff, L. & Van den Besselaar, P. (1998). Technological developments and factor substitution in a complex and dynamic system. Journal of Social and Evolutionary Systems, 21(2), 173–192. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1061-7361(00)80004-1
Leydesdorff, L., Perevodchikov, E. & Uvarov, A. (2015). Measuring triple‐helix synergy in the Russian innovation systems at regional, provincial, and national levels. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 66(6), 1229-1238. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.23258
Nakwa, K. & Zawdie, G. (2012). The role of innovation intermediaries in promoting the triple helix system in MNC-dominated industries in Thailand: the case of hard disk drive and automotive sectors. International Journal of Technology Management and Sustainable Development, 11(3), 265–283. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1386/tmsd.11.3.265_1
OECD. (1996). The Knowledge-Based Economy. Paris: OCDE.
Pique, J. M., Berbegal-Mirabent, J. & Etzkowitz, H. (2018). Triple Helix and the evolution of ecosystems of innovation: the case of Silicon Valley. Triple Helix, 5(1), 1-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40604-018-0060-x
Sabato, J. & Botano, N. (1968). La ciencia y la tecnología en el desarrollo futuro en América Latina. Revista de la Integración, 1(3), 15-36.
Salmi, J. & Cai Liu, N. (2011). Paths to a world-class university. In: N. C. Liu, Q. Wang & Y. Cheng (eds.), Paths to a World-Class University Lessons from Practices and Experiences (pp. ix-xviii). Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.
Saltos, G., Odriozola, S. & Ortiz, M. (2018). La vinculación universidad-empresa-gobierno: una visión histórica y conceptual. Revista ECA Sinergia, 9(2), 121-139.
Soto Vázquez, R. (2006). Vinculación Universidad-empresa-estado en la realidad actual de la industria farmacéutica mexicana. Edusfarm, revista d’educació superior en Farmàcia, 2, 19-20.
Strand, Ø., Ivanova, I. & Leydesdorff, L. (2017). Decomposing the Triple-Helix synergy into the regional innovation systems of Norway: firm data and patent networks. Qual Quant 51, 963–988. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-016-0344-z
Torres, C. & Frost-González, S. (2015). Innovación abierta en empresas colombianas: reto a superar. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 20(70), 252-267.
Wang, Q., Cheng, Y. & Cai Liu, N. (2012). Building world-class universities: Different approaches to a shared goal. In: Q. H. Wang, Q. Wang & N. C. Liu (eds.), Building world-class universities in China: Shanghai Jiao Tong university (pp. 1-10). Rotterdam: Brill Sense
Whitley, R. D. (1999). Divergent Capitalisms: The Social Structuring and Change of Business Systems. New York: Oxford University Press.
World Bank. (1998). World Development Report 1998-1999: Knowledge for Development. New York: Oxford University Press.
Yonezawa, A. (2019). Japan: World-Class Universities for Social Innovation. International Higher Education, (96), 21-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6017/ihe.2019.96.10779
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Non Commercial, No Derivatives Attribution 4.0. International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.), that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
