Estándares para las dimensiones antropométricas de la mano de la población mexicana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31637/epsir-2024-932Palabras clave:
antropometría de la mano, percentiles, diferencia de género, muestreo antropométrico, México, Ergonomía, Diferencias antropométricas por grupo de edadResumen
Introducción: Los desórdenes musculo-esqueléticos son riesgos de salud ocupacional que pueden disminuirse mediante el uso de máquinas y diseño de herramientas y estaciones de trabajo adecuados. A pesar de su importancia en Ergonomía, los estándares antropométricos de la mano han sido poco estudiados. El objetivo del presente trabajo es desarrollar estándares para la población mexicana, analizar las diferencias de género y comparar los datos con los de otras poblaciones. Metodología: Se llevó a cabo un muestreo antropométrico de la población mexicana (2.275 hombres, 562 mujeres). Se recolectaron cuatro dimensiones antropométricas de la mano: longitud y ancho de la mano, longitud de la palma y diámetro de agarre. Resultados: Se presentan estadísticas básicas (media, desviación estándar, y percentiles 5, 50, y 95). Los resultados indican diferencias significativas entre ambos sexos de la población mexicana en las cuatro dimensiones estudiadas. Discusión: Se observaron diferencias significativas con los datos de otras poblaciones (principalmente países asiáticos), inclusive con países latinoamericanos, incluyendo estudios previos de México. No se encontró evidencia del desarrollo de datos similares considerando un amplio rango de edad, ambos géneros y tamaño de muestra. Conclusiones: Los datos presentados pueden utilizarse en el diseño de herramientas de mano, máquinas, productos, y estaciones de trabajo.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Graciela Rodríguez-Vega (Autor de Correspondencia); Dora Aydee Rodríguez-Vega
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