Comunicación y reducción del estigma y autoestigma en personas con adicción al alcohol
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31637/epsir-2024-1048Palabras clave:
estigma, autoestigma, tabú, adicciones, alcoholismo, trastorno por uso de alcohol, salud mental, comunicaciónResumen
Introducción: Más de 2.300 millones de personas en el mundo consumen alcohol debido a factores culturales y económicos, lo que provoca serios problemas de salud y sociales, contribuyendo al 5,3 % de las muertes globales. Las personas que han desarrollado trastornos de salud y adicciones derivados de conductas de riesgo con alcohol conviven de manera paralela con el estigma social hacia la condición que padecen. Metodología: Se ha llevado a cabo una revisión bibliográfica para ofrecer una visión actualizada del tema. Resultados: Aunque se han observado resultados mixtos, la evidencia general sugiere que la reducción del estigma puede facilitar la búsqueda de ayuda y mejorar la efectividad de las campañas de comunicación en salud mental y adicciones. La revisión revela estudios sobre la influencia del lenguaje, representación de personas, formatos y métodos para fomentar empatía, además de identificar el estigma como una barrera significativa para buscar tratamiento. Discusión: Se destaca la necesidad de ofrecer mensajes claros, generalistas y humanizados para reducir estigmas, con especial atención a la empatía y al equilibrio entre impacto y costo económico. Conclusiones: Se propone investigar la eficacia de influir sobre líderes de opinión, considerando la importancia de una comunicación recurrente y sus costes.
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