The rise of private education in the Basque University System

Resumen

Introduction: The transformation of the Basque University System reflects a broader shift in the Spanish higher education landscape, where private universities have expanded significantly. Between 1998 and 2020, public university enrollment in Spain declined by 10%, while private university enrollment surged by 263%. This trend is also evident in the Basque Autonomous Community, where one in three newly enrolled undergraduate students now chooses a private institution. The increasing privatisation of higher education raises critical concerns about accessibility, social mobility, and the role of public universities in ensuring equal opportunities. Methodology: This study examines enrollment trends over the past decade, analysing the factors driving the expansion of private universities and the potential consequences for the public sector. Results: It explores the impact on educational equity, linguistic accessibility, and research priorities. Additionally, the study highlights disparities in Basque-language education, particularly at the postgraduate level, where private institutions primarily operate in Spanish and English. Discussions: The findings emphasise the need for policy responses to address these shifts, ensuring that public universities remain a pillar of equitable access to higher education. Conclusion: Strengthening public investment, aligning university offerings with societal needs, and fostering inclusive policies will be essential to maintaining a balanced and accessible higher education system.