Screen tourism and its relationship with cultural references in the fiction series Emily in Paris, season 1 (Netflix, 2020)

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31637/epsir-2025-1114

Keywords:

audiovisual, cultural references, fiction series, heritage, identity, locations, narration, tourism

Abstract

Introduction: The relationship between tourism and cinema (induced tourism or screen tourism) has been extensively studied since Riley and Van Doren linked the two industries in 1992 and predicted their positive impact on the economy. One of the resources that can reinforce the ties between screen and tourism, yet to be fully addressed in screen tourism studies, is that of "cultural references," directly related to "cultural affinity." The aim of this research is to reflect on the use of this component in the plot of an audiovisual fiction as a factor to bring the distinctive features of a community closer to the viewer, thereby generating greater interest that could lead to a tourist visit to the depicted location. Methodology: An analysis sheet is developed to identify cultural references in the first season of the series Emily in Paris. Results: The information is presented on four levels: narratological, iconic, psychoanalytic, and experiential. Discussions: It is confirmed that Emily in Paris is a paradigm in the construction of narration through cultural references. Conclusions: The inclusion of cultural references in a series, used as a strategy to promote tourism, can only be effective if the plot is contemporary to the viewer and if the mentioned locations are real.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Josefina Sánchez-Martínez, Universidad Católica de Murcia

Director of the DIGITALAC Research Group from 2006 to the present. She has participated in ten regional projects and three R&D&i projects under the National Plan. Her research has focused on the relationship between culture and communication from various perspectives: Communication and Regional Audiovisual Policy (local television); Cultural Economy (cultural industries); Textual Analysis (narrative treatment); Transmedia Narrative (structure and discourse); and Audio Description and Cultural Adaptation (audiovisual accessibility). She has conducted research stays at several European universities. She is a professor of Audiovisual Narrative; Aesthetics and Fiction; and Audiovisual Dubbing at the Faculty of Communication at the Catholic University of Murcia, and a promoter of educational innovation projects related to transmedia storytelling.

Isabel Sarabia-And´úgar, Catholic University of Murcia

She has been a lecturer and researcher at the Catholic University of Murcia since 1997 and a member of the DIGITALAC Research Group, created in 2006. She has participated in various regional projects and in three R&D&i projects under the National Plan. Her research activity has focused on local communication, as well as on the implementation of DTT (Digital Terrestrial Television) in Spain, particularly in the Region of Murcia; the policies of national and regional administrations in matters of television, and the attraction of film productions to the territory. She has conducted research stays at several European and African universities. Her teaching revolves around subjects such as the Structure of Communication Industries, Ethics and Legislation, and the linkage between Communication and Tourism Industries.

References

Agost, R. (1999). Traducción y doblaje: palabras, voces e imágenes. Ariel.

Araújo-Vila, N., Cardoso, L., Feijó-Almeida, G. G. y Almeida, P. (2024). Film-Induced Tourism as a Key Factor for Promoting Tourism Destination Image: The James Bond Saga Case. Administrative Sciences, 14(94). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14050094 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14050094

Araujo, N. (2015). De la economía de experiencias al turismo experiencial: Las series de ficción como creadoras de experiencias e inductoras a la visita de destinos turísticos. Revista de turismo y Patrimonio cultural, 13(4), 959-964. https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2015.13.065 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2015.13.065

Araújo, N. y Fráiz, J. A. (2013). Las series audiovisuales como herramienta promocional de un destino turístico: el caso de España. Investigaciones Europeas de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedee.2012.07.001

Araujo, N., Fraiz, J. A. y De Carlos, P. (2021). Film tourism in Spain: destination awarness and visit motivation as determinants of visit places seen in TV series. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 27, 100-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2020.100135 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedeen.2020.100135

Aumont, J. y Marie, M. (1988). L’analyse des films. Nathan.

Barbosa, A. F., Vieira, A. L. y Costa, C. (2016). Film induced slum tourism: a literature review and model proposal. En Cinema, destination image and place branding (pp. 147-170). Asociaçao Portuguesa de Turismología.

Barthes, R. (1981). Introduction à l’analyse structurale des récits. Communications, 8, L’analyse structurale du récit. https://www.persee.fr/doc/comm_0588-8018_1966_num_8_1_1113 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3406/comm.1966.1113

Beeton, S. (2005). Film induced tourism. Channel View Publications.

Beeton, S. (2010). The advance of Film tourism. Tourism and Hospitality Planning and Development, 7(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14790530903522572 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14790530903522572

Blanchet, C. y Fabry, N. (2020). Influence of new cinematographic and television operators on the attractivity of tourist destinations. Journal of Tourism Futures, 6(3), 219-222. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-11-2019-0127 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-11-2019-0127

Bordwell, D. (1995). El significado del film. Inferencia y retórica en la interpretación cinematográfica. Paidós.

Bordwell, D. (1996). La narración en el cine de ficción. Paidós.

Born, G. (2000). Reports and debates. Special debate: inside television: television studies and the sociology of culture. Screen, 41(4), 404-424. https://doi.org/10.1093/screen/41.4.404 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/screen/41.4.404

Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste. Harvard University Press.

Cardoso, L., Estevao, C., Hernandes, C. y Alves, H. (2017). Film induced tourism: a systematic literature review. Tourism and Management Studies, 13(3), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.18089/tms.2017.13303 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18089/tms.2017.13303

Casetti, F. y Di Chio, F. (1990). Cómo analizar un film. Paidós.

Cerón, J. A. (2001). Cine y viaje. Las películas amateurs murcianas de los años cincuenta. Cuadernos de Turismo, 8, 77-86. https://revistas.um.es/turismo/article/view/22041

Chatman, S. (1990). Historia y discurso. La estructura narrativa en la novela y en el cine. Taurus.

CNC. (2024). _Impact du cinema et de la fiction TV sur le tourisme en France_. Groupe IFOP.

Connell, J. (2012). Film Tourism: Evolution, Progress and Prospects. Tourism Management, 33(5), 1007-1029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.02.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2012.02.008

Connell, J. y Meyer, D. (2009). Balamory revisited: an evaluation of the screen tourism destination-tourist nexus. Tourism Management, 30(2), 194-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.06.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.06.001

Croy, W. (2011). Film tourism: Sustained economic contributions to destinations. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 3(2), 159-164. https://doi.org/10.1108/17554211111123014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17554211111123014

Cuadrado-Alvarado, A. (2017). Narración audiovisual. Síntesis.

Cynthia, D. y Beeton, S. (2009). Supporting Independent Film production Through tourism collaboration. Tourism Review International, 13(2), 113-119. https://doi.org/10.3727/154427209789604624 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3727/154427209789604624

Delabastita, D. (1989). Translation and Mass-communication: Film and TV translation as evidence of cultural dynamics. Babel, 35(4), 193-218. https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.35.4.02del DOI: https://doi.org/10.1075/babel.35.4.02del

Disdier, A. C., Tai, S. H. T., Fontagné, L. y Mayer, T. (2010). Bilateral trade of cultural goods. Review of World Economics, 145(4), 575-595. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40587832 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10290-009-0030-5

Dominguez-Azcue, J., Almeida-García, F., Pérez-Tapia, G. y Mercadé-Melé, P. (2021). New perspective of film tourism: a comparative study (2014-2020). Journal of Tourism Analysis, 28(2), 93-120. https://doi.org/10.53596/jta.v2i28.382 DOI: https://doi.org/10.53596/jta.v2i28.382

Gardies, A. (1993). Le récit filmique. Hachette.

Geertz, C. (1973). The Interpretation of Cultures. Basic Books.

Genette, G. (1989). Figuras III. Lumen.

Giddens, A. (1984). The Constitution of Society. University of California Press.

Gómez-Morales, B., Nieto-Ferrando, J. y Sánchez-Castillo, S. (2022). (Re)Visiting Game of Thrones: film-induced tourism and television fiction. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 39(1), 73-86. https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2022.2044971 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10548408.2022.2044971

Gómez-Tarín, F. J. (2010). El análisis de textos audiovisuales. Significación y Sentido. Materiales-3. Shangri-la Ediciones.

Gottlieb, H. (1992). Subtitles and audience response: A reception study of Band of Brothers. En K. Heiss y W. Schmitt (Eds.), Translation und Politik: Translationswissenschaft im Spannungsfeld von Sprache und Kultur (pp. 83-101). Stauffenburg Verlag.

Grenier, A. (2011). Ciné-tourime Du concept au fan, au coeur de l’expérience. Téoros, 30(1), 79-89. https://doi.org/10.7202/1012111ar DOI: https://doi.org/10.7202/1012111ar

Gubern, R. (1994). La mirada opulenta. Exploración de la iconosfera contemporánea. Gustavo Gili.

Guerin, M.A. (2004). El relato cinematográfico. Sin relato no hay cine. Paidós.

Hall, S. (1997). Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices. Sage.

Heitmann, S. (2010). Film Tourism Planning and Development—Questioning the Role of Stakeholders and Sustainability. Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development, 7(1), 31-46. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790530903522606 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14790530903522606

Hernández-Pérez, J. F. y Martínez-Díaz, M. A. (2017). Nuevos modelos de consumo audiovisual: los efectos del binge-watching sobre los jóvenes universitarios. Ad Comunica, 13, 201-221. https://doi.org/10.6035/2174-0992.2017.13.11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.6035/2174-0992.2017.13.11

Hoskins, C. y Mirus, R. (1988). Reasons for the US dominance of the international trade in television programmes. Media, Culture & Society, 10(4), 499-504. https://doi.org/10.1177/016344388010004006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/016344388010004006

Hudelet, A. y Crémieux, A. (Eds.). (2021). Exploring Seriality on Screen: Audiovisual Narratives in Film and Television. Nueva York y Abingdon: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003044772 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003044772

Hudson, S. y Ritchie, J. R. B. (2006). Promoting Destinations via Film Tourism. Journal of Travel Research, 44(4), 387-396. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287506286720 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287506286720

Igareda, P. (2011). Categorización temática del análisis cultural: una propuesta para la traducción. Íkala, revista de lenguaje y cultura, 16(27), 11-31. http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/ikala/v16n27/v16n27a2.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.ikala.8654

Israel-Turim, V. (2018). Big data y recomendaciones algorítmicas en las SVOD: el caso de Netflix. Una propuesta metodológica para estudiar la percepción y satisfacción de los usuarios [Trabajo final de maestría]. Universitat Ramón Llull.

Iten, C. (2000). Audiovisual translation. En M. Baker (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Translation Studies (pp. 15-19). Routledge.

Izquierdo-Castillo, J. y Latorre-Lázaro, T. (2022). Oferta de contenidos de las plataformas audiovisuales. Hacia una necesaria conceptualización de la programación streaming. Profesional de la información, 31(2), e310218. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2022.mar.18 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2022.mar.18

Kim, S. (2010). Extraordinary Experience: Re-enacting and Photographing at Screen Tourism Locations. Tourism and Hospitality Planning and Development, 7(1), 59-75. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790530903522630 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14790530903522630

Kim, S. y O’Connor, N. (2011). A cross cultural study of screen-tourists’ profiles. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Trends, 3(2), 141-158. https://doi.org/10/1108/17554211111123005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/17554211111123005

King, R. y Beeton, S. (2005). Influence of mass media’s

King, R. y Beeton, S. (2005). Influence of mass media’s coverage of adventure tourism on youth perceptions of 919-935.

King, R. y Beeton, S. (2005). Influence of mass media’s induced tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 25(4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.21832/9781845410162

Koestner, R., Weinberger, J. y McClelland, D. C. (1991). Promotion: A ‘pull’ factor in a ‘push’ location. Tourism Management, 267-274.

Koestner, R., Weinberger, J. y McClelland, D. C. (1991). Promotion: A ‘pull’ factor in a ‘push’ location. Tourism Management, 267-274.

Martínez-Puche, A. (2008). El cine como soporte didáctico para explicar la evolución del viaje y para la actividad turística. Cuadernos de turismo, 22, 145-163. https://revistas.um.es/turismo/article/view/48131/0

Metz, C. (1973). Lenguaje y Cine. Planeta.

Morley, D. (2003). Television, audiences and cultural studies. Routledge DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203398357

Nedergaard-Larsen, B. (2010). Problemas ligados a la cultura en la subtitulación. Perspectives, 1(2), 207-240. https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.1993.9961214 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676X.1993.9961214

Netflix (2021). Cultural Affinity and Screen Tourism: The case of Internet Entertainment Services. Madrid: World Tourism Organization (UNWTO).

Nicosia, E. (2015a). The Marche Film Commission: a Tool for Promoting Territorial Development and Regional Tourism. Almatourism. Journal of Tourism, Culture and Territorial Development, 4, 161-179. https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2036-5195/4959

Nicosia, E. (2015b). Film induced tourism as a mechanism for territorial development? The role of marche’s filmogenia in Italian Cinema. Bollettino della Societá Gegráfica Italiana, serie XIII, 8(4), 555-575. https://doi.org/10.13128/bsgi.v8i4.430

Nieto-Ferrando, J. (2020). El destino turístico emplazado en el cine de ficción. Propuesta de investigación aplicada. Comunicación y Sociedad, 33(4), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.15581/003.33.4.1-17

Nieto-Ferrando, J., Alén-González, E. y Fraiz-Brea, J.A. (2024). Efectos de los medios de comunicación vs. efectos de la ficción audiovisual en el turismo. Profesional de la información, 33(2), e330201. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2024.0201 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2024.0201

Nieto-Ferrando, J., Del Rey, A. y Afinoguenova, E. (2015). Narración, espacio y emplazamiento turístico en el cine español de ficción (1951-1977). Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 70, 584-610. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2015-1061 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2015-1061

Nieto-Ferrando, J., Gómez-Morales, B. y Castro-Mariño, D. (2023). Audiovisual Fiction, Tourism, and Audience Studies: A Literature Review. Review of Communication Research, 11, 88-126. https://doi.org/105680/RCR.V11.4

Nieto-Ferrando, J., Sánchez-Castillo, S. y Gómez-Morales, B. (2021). Ficción audiovisual y promoción turística. Incidencia del cine y la televisión en la imagen de los destinos y aportaciones del análisis textual. Profesional de la información, 30(6), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2021.nov.14

O’Connor, N. (2011). A conceptual examination of the film induced tourism phenomenon in Ireland. European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation, 2(3), 105-125. https://research.thea.ie/handle/20.500.12065/4552

Oberecker, E. M., Riefler, P. y Diamantopoulos, A. (2008). The Consumer Affinity Construct: Conceptualization, Qualitative Investigation, and Research Agenda. Journal of International Marketing, 16(3), 23-56. https://doi.org/10.1509/jimk.16.3.23 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1509/jimk.16.3.23

Osácar, E. (2020). Barcelona: la imagen turística de la ciudad proyectada en las películas y series internacionales. Estudios turísticos, 220, 165-194. https://doi.org/10.61520/et.2202020.52 DOI: https://doi.org/10.61520/et.2202020.52

Pedersen, J. (2005). How is culture rendered in subtitles? Perspectives: Studies in Translatology, 13(4), 277-292. https://doi.org/10.1080/09076760508668968

Peña, V. (2001). Narración audiovisual. Laberinto Comunicación.

Perticoz, L. (2019). Filière de l’au-diovisuel et plateformes SVOD: une analyse croisée des stratégies de Disney et Netflix. Tic & Société, 13(1-2), 323-353. https://doi.org/10.4000/ticetsociete.3470 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/ticetsociete.3470

Richards, G. (2011). Tourism Development Trajectories: From Culture to Creativity?. En G. Richards y J. Wilson (Eds.), Tourism, Creativity and Development (pp. 1-33). Routledge.

Ricoeur, P. (1999). Historia y narratividad. Paidós.

Riley, R. W. y Van Doren, C. S. (1992). Movies as tourim promotion. A ‘pull’ factor in a ‘push’ location. Tourism Management, 13(3), 267-274. https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(92)90098-R

Riley, R. W., Baker, D. y Van Doren, C. S. (1998). Movie induced tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 25(4), 919-935. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(98)00045-0

Riley, R. y Van Doren, C. S. (1992). Movies as tourismrisk. Tourism, Culture & Communication, 6(3), 161-169.

Riley, R. y Van Doren, C. S. (1992). Movies as tourismrisk. Tourism, Culture & Communication, 6(3), 161-169.

Riley, R. y Van Doren, C. S. (1992). Movies as tourismrisk. Tourism, Culture & Communication, 6(3), 161-169. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(92)90098-R

Riley, R., Baker, D. y Van Doren, C. S. (1998). Movie induced tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 25(4), 919-935.

Riley, R., Baker, D. y Van Doren, C. S. (1998). Movie induced tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 25(4). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(98)00045-0

Rodríguez, L., Fraiz, J. A. y Alén, E. (2012). La trama y las imágenes en el cine como promoción turística de un destino. Evaluación del caso VICKY, CRISTINA, BARCELONA. Papers de Turismo, 51, 133-147.

Rodríguez, L., Fraiz, J. A. y Alén, E. (2014). El turismo cinematográfico como tipología emergente del turismo cultural. Pasos. Revista de turismo y Patrimonio cultural, 12(1), 159-171. https://doi.org/25145/j.pasos.2014.12.012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2014.12.012

Said, E. W. (1978). Orientalism. Pantheon Books.

Sánchez Navarro, J. (2006). Narrativa audiovisual. UOC.

Sánchez-Castillo, S. (2020). La investigación sobre el cine como inductor del turismo. Una revisión metodológica. L’Atalante, 30, 109-122. https://revistaatalante.com/index.php/atalante/article/view/815

Si, R. y Zhang, C. (2023). How Far Can French Films Travel in China? An Empirical Analysis from The Cultural Discount Perspective. International Journal of Education and Humanities, 10(1), 277-287. https://doi.org/10.54097/ijeh.v10i1.11173 DOI: https://doi.org/10.54097/ijeh.v10i1.11173

Smythe, D. (1977). Communications: Blindspot of Western Marxism. Canadian Journal of Political and Social Theory / Revue Canadienne de Théorie Politique et Sociale, 1(3), 1-27. https://journals.uvic.ca/index.php/ctheory/article/view/13715

Straubhaar, J. (2007). World Television: From Global to Local. Media, Communication & Cultural Studies. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452204147

Straubhaar, J. D. (1991). Beyond media imperialism: Asymmetrical interdependence and cultural proximity. Critical Studies in Mass Communication, 8(1), 39-59. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295039109366779 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15295039109366779

Tooke, N. y Baker, M. (1996). Seeing is believing: the effect of film on visitor numbers to screened locations. Tourism Management, 17(2), 87-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(95)00111-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0261-5177(95)00111-5

Wang, C., Qu, H. y Hsu, M. (2021). Experience economy in tourism: A review and research agenda. Tourism Management, 77, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.104025

Williams, R. (1958). Culture and Society. Chatto & Windus.

Zunzunegui, S. (1994). Paisajes de la forma. Ejercicios de análisis de la imagen. Cátedra.

Published

2025-01-21

How to Cite

Sánchez-Martínez, J., & Sarabia-And´úgar, I. (2025). Screen tourism and its relationship with cultural references in the fiction series Emily in Paris, season 1 (Netflix, 2020). European Public & Social Innovation Review, 10, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.31637/epsir-2025-1114

Issue

Section

Humanism and Social Sciences