Memory complaints and mild cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults in Peru

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31637/epsir-2024-1817

Keywords:

older adults, memory complaints, mild cognitive impairment, mental state, community, executive processes, psychomotor slowing, neurocognitive deficits

Abstract

Introduction: Global aging is progressing rapidly, with significant demographic, social, and health implications. This study analyzes the cognitive performance of healthy older adults who report memory complaints, identifying factors that influence their cognition. Methodology: In a mental health campaign, 574 community-dwelling older adults were evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Geriatric Depression Scale by Yesavage. Twenty-five individuals with subjective memory complaints (SMC) and 49 with suspected mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were identified and then assessed with specific memory tests, such as the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, Symbols and Digits Test, and the Rey Complex Figure Test. Results: The groups have high levels of education, few health problems, and good scores on the MMSE and Yesavage tests. However, significant differences are found in the results of the Hopkins and Symbols and Digits tests. Education shows a significant effect on long-term memory in the Hopkins test. Discussions: Subjective memory complaints (SMC) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) can be early indicators of cognitive decline, although they are often difficult to detect. Conclusions: Community-dwelling older adults, although autonomous and without dementia symptoms, may exhibit subtle cognitive changes that require early detection to prevent neurodegenerative disorders.

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Author Biographies

Roxana Castillo-Acobo, National University of Saint Augustine

RENACYT researcher affiliated with the National University of San Agustín de Arequipa (UNSA), faculty member of the Faculty of Historical and Social Sciences, and Director of the Institute of Social Research. Founder of the UNSA Laboratory of Social Neuroscience and Quality of Life. She is an active member of national and international research networks with an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach, conducting impactful social research projects in areas such as mental health, gender-based violence, social neuroscience, mental health inclusion, and inclusive approaches in education, healthcare, and public management for vulnerable groups.

Elena Martínez-Puma, Catholic University of Santa María

PhD candidate in Management and Educational Sciences, holding Master’s and Bachelor’s degrees in Educational Sciences. With over 20 years of teaching experience at undergraduate and postgraduate levels, he specializes in didactics, university assessment, and distance education. He has participated in international training programs on pedagogy and educational quality in various countries and is the author of books and indexed scientific articles. Currently, he serves as a lecturer and researcher at the Catholic University of Santa María (UCSM).

Janeth Esquivel-Las-Heras, National University of Saint Augustine

Master’s in Educational Management and Administration. Graduate of the National University of San Agustín de Arequipa, Faculty of Educational Sciences, specializing in Language, Literature, and Philosophy. Certified extrajudicial conciliator recognized by the Ministry of Justice. Skilled in applying pedagogical instruments such as "Classroom Observation Rubrics" from the Ministry of Education. Appointed professor in the Faculty of Educational Sciences at the National University of San Agustín de Arequipa, responsible for teaching undergraduate and postgraduate courses. Research focus: Teacher Training and Personal Development.

Arnaldo Castillo Toledo, Catholic University of Santa María

PhD candidate and Master’s in Public Management from César Vallejo University, and a Certified Public Accountant from the Catholic University of Santa María. With over 32 years of professional experience, he is a professor at the Faculty of Accounting and Financial Sciences at the National University of San Agustín and Head of the Institutional Control Office at UGEL Arequipa Sur. He has participated in international training programs and academic forums in countries such as Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Spain, France, Mexico, and Panama. A specialist in cost analysis, financial management, and public administration, he is also the author of university textbooks.

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2024-12-12

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Castillo-Acobo, R., Martínez-Puma, E., Esquivel-Las-Heras, J., & Castillo Toledo, A. (2024). Memory complaints and mild cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults in Peru. European Public & Social Innovation Review, 9, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.31637/epsir-2024-1817

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Vol. 9 (2024)

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INNOVATING IN HEALTH AND HEALTHCARE

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Copyright (c) 2024 Roxana Castillo-Acobo, Elena Martínez-Puma, Janeth Esquivel-Las-Heras, Arnaldo Castillo Toledo

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