Una revisión de la literatura sobre el discurso político en procesos electorales

Aleixandre Brian Duche Pérez; Ricardo Enrique Grundy-López; Cintya Yadira Vera-Revilla; Olger Albino Gutiérrez-Aguilar

doi:10.31637/epsir-2025-2222

Authors

Aleixandre Brian Duche Pérez Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9905-1489
Ricardo Enrique Grundy-López Catholic University of Santa María https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3626-1010
Cintya Yadira Vera-Revilla Catholic University of Santa María https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9259-3987
Olger Albino Gutiérrez-Aguilar Catholic University of Santa María https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6657-7529

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31637/epsir-2025-2222

Keywords:

Political discourse, electoral processes, political communication, political narratives, political processes, digital narratives, campaign strategies, media coverage, systematic literature review

Abstract

Introduction: The evolution and new dynamics of political discourse in electoral contexts worldwide are characterized by polarization and extremism, affecting voter persuasion, conviction, and public debate. This systematic review analyzes the evolution of political discourse and its impact on political communication and electoral processes. Methodology: Following the PRISMA Statement guidelines, studies were collected from databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, Wiley, and EBSCO. Results: An analysis of 14 studies identifies significant discursive patterns in contemporary democracies, including campaign strategies, discourse content, and media coverage, providing a global view of discursive practices and their effect on political processes. Discussion: The importance of the media as a link between politicians and citizens is highlighted, showing how framing and political narratives shape public opinion and exploring the relationship between discursive patterns, polarization, extremism, and their impact on democratic values and political rights. Conclusions: This review shows that polarization and extremism in political discourse significantly affect voter persuasion and public debate, directly impacting democratic values and political rights.

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Author Biographies

Aleixandre Brian Duche Pérez, Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa

He is a leading academic and specialist in social analysis and public policy. With a strong background in social science and political science, he has focused his research on the impact of protectionist policies on international trade and tax reforms in the United States. His work includes collaborations with various academic institutions and publications in specialised journals. Duche Pérez has contributed significantly to the understanding of the economic effects of trade barriers and fiscal policies. He is currently a professor at the Universidad Nacional de San Agustín, Peru, where he continues to develop research that addresses contemporary economic challenges.

Ricardo Enrique Grundy-López, Catholic University of Santa María

He is an academic and expert in political science, with an extensive background in research and teaching. His work focuses on the analysis of political discourse, social identity and political communication. Grundy-López has published numerous articles in specialised journals and has participated in international conferences, contributing to the study of the dynamics of power and representation in contemporary politics. He is currently a professor at the Universidad Católica de Santa María in Arequipa, Peru, where he teaches courses on political theory and communication. In addition, he collaborates with several research projects that explore the intersection between discourse, politics and social identity, contributing significantly to knowledge in these areas.

Cintya Yadira Vera-Revilla, Catholic University of Santa María

She is a leading academic and specialist in marketing and political communication. With a strong background in social sciences, she has focused her research on the analysis of public policy and communication strategies in electoral contexts. She has collaborated in several studies and has played a key role in the development of innovative methodologies for political campaign management. Vera-Revilla is a professor at the Catholic University of Santa Maria in Arequipa, Peru, where she teaches and supervises research projects in political marketing and communication. Her work contributes significantly to the understanding of electoral dynamics and the influence of communication in contemporary politics.

Olger Albino Gutiérrez-Aguilar, Catholic University of Santa María

He is a leading researcher and academic with a specialisation in statistics, structural equations and quantitative analysis. His work focuses on the analysis of the impact of trade and fiscal policies on economic development. He has collaborated in important studies, contributing to the understanding of global economic dynamics. Gutiérrez-Aguilar is a professor at the Catholic University of Santa María in Arequipa, Peru, where he teaches courses in statistics and applied research. In addition, he participates in several research projects that seek solutions to contemporary economic and social challenges, contributing significantly to academia and to the development of effective policies in the socio-economic field.

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