Contemporary pornography: deepfake as a form of abuse

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31637/epsir-2024-370

Keywords:

women, abuse, pornography, NCII, education, AI, deepfake, nudifier

Abstract

Introduction: The non-consensual creation of intimate images through deepfake is on the rise. Nudifiers, new AI tools that realise nudification of uploaded images, are a new method of content production that can be used for abuse. Methodology: Through empirical and qualitative analysis, we examined the use and outcome of these applications. Results: Respondents showed difficulties in recognising real images from nudified ones and rare forms of deterrence in the misuse of these tools. Discussion: The use of nudifiers poses serious ethical and legal problems, highlighting the need for more effective deterrence measures. Conclusion: It is crucial to develop tools and laws to counter the misuse of nudifiers and protect the privacy of those involved.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Lorenzo Di Silvestro, Accademia di Belle Arti di Catania

Nel 2008 lavora presso il Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ITTIG-CNR). Nel 2014 prende il titolo di dottore di ricerca in Informatica a Catania collaborando con il Visualisierungsinstitut (VISUS) dell’Università di Stoccarda (Germania). Assegnista di ricerca dal 2018 al 2020 lavora al progetto “Vision Exploitation for Data Interpretation (V.E.D.I.)” occupandosi dell’analisi comportamentale mediante tecniche di machine learning e al progetto ARIA finanziato da GOOGLE DNI per l’analisi semantica automatica di testi giornalistici.


Docente di Laboratorio di Interazione e Multimedia (Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica); Introduzione alla linguistica computazionale (Dipartimento di scienze umanistiche); Sistemi Interattivi (Accademia di Belle Arti di Catanzaro) fino al 2022.
Docente di Applicazioni digitali per le arti visive (ABTEC 38) presso l’Accademia di Belle Arti di Catania.

Cristina Iurissevich, Accademia di Belle Arti di Catania

Docente a contratto presso Accademia di Belle Arti di Catania e Napoli per le materie di Web Design, Informatica di base e Linguaggi multimediali.
Attualmente vive e lavora a Torino dove ha conseguito il Diploma all’Accademia Albertina di Belle Arti.


Da sempre un’appassionata esploratrice delle nuove tecnologie, lavora principalmente come artista multimediale, insegnante e Web Designer.
Socia fondatrice dell’Osservatorio Nessuno, associazione che si occupa della tutela della privacy e dell’anonimato rispetto alle tecnologie digitali.
In attesa di pubblicazione per la casa editrice Eris Edizioni, un libro sulla critica all’utilizzo della tecnologia.

References

Almars, A. M. (2021). Deepfakes detection techniques using deep learning: a survey. Journal of Computer and Communications, 9(05), 20-35. https://doi.org/10.4236/jcc.2021.95003

Brighi, A., Amadori, A., Summerer, K., & Menin, D. (2023). Prevalence and risk factors for nonconsensual distribution of intimate images among Italian young adults: Implications for prevention and intervention. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 23(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2023.100414

Goodfellow, I., Pouget-Abadie, J., Mirza, M., Xu, B., Warde-Farley, D., Ozair, S., & Bengio, Y. (2014). Generative adversarial nets. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 27. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1406.2661

Home Security Heroes (2023). 2023 State of deepfakes. Realities, threats and impact. https://www.homesecurityheroes.com/state-of-deepfakes/

Koltai, K. (23 febbraio 2024). Behind a Secretive Global Network of Non-Consensual Deepfake Pornography. https://bit.ly/4bx2fTj

Papachristou, K. (2023). Revenge porn helpline. 2023 Report.

Parshall, A. (2023). How This AI Image Won a Major Photography Competition. https://bit.ly/3RSFZwh

Turing, A. M. (1950). Computing Machinery and Intelligence. Mind, 59(236), 433-460. https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/LIX.236.433

Wang, T. C., Liu, M. Y., Zhu, J. Y., Tao, A., Kautz, J., & Catanzaro, B. (2018). High-resolution image synthesis and semantic manipulation with conditional gans. En Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp. 8798-8807). https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2018.00917

Downloads

Published

2024-07-24

How to Cite

Di Silvestro, L., & Iurissevich, C. (2024). Contemporary pornography: deepfake as a form of abuse. European Public & Social Innovation Review, 9, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.31637/epsir-2024-370

Issue

Vol. 9 (2024)

Section

Research and Artificial Intelligence

License

Copyright (c) 2024 Lorenzo Di Silvestro, Cristina Iurissevich

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
  1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Non Commercial, No Derivatives Attribution 4.0. International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.), that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).