A literature review of gender identity in scientific research

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31637/epsir-2024-569

Keywords:

gender identity, gender, SDGs, bibliometric analysis, gender role, mental health, mapping, gender discrimination

Abstract

Introduction: The recognition of other forms of gender identity is now aligned with the view of gender as a social, psychological, and cultural construct, as advocated by bodies such as the World Health Organization and the Council of Europe. However, disparate views on these terms persist, varying depending on the area of study. This study aims to identify the most prevalent trends in gender identity research. Methodology: This study presents a bibliometric analysis based on 1,649 studies obtained from the Web of Science search, with the support of the VOSviewer tool. Results: The term with the highest number of co-occurrences is "gender", together with "identity". However, "gender identity" has a much lower number of co-occurrences. In turn, the term "gender identity" is associated with aspects such as "transgender" or "mental health". Discussions: The concept of gender identity remains a relatively unexplored area in non-clinical contexts. Conclusions: The term "gender identity" appears to be examined from a distinct perspective compared to gender, which is typically associated with the health context, as opposed to gender, which is often linked to the socio-occupational context.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Estefanía Lema Moreira, Universidade da Coruña

PhD in Health Psychology from the University of A Coruña. Currently, lecturer in the Department of Pedagogy and Didactics at the University of A Coruña. Graduate in Social Education, Graduate in Pedagogy, Graduate in Psychopedagogy, Master's Degree in Minors in Situations of Unprotection and Social Conflict, Master's Degree in Emancipation of Young People at Risk, and Expert in Neuropsychology of Education. Member of the research group Grupo de Investigación Grupo de Investigación en Evaluación y Calidad Educativa. Author of several national and international publications; as well as participation in more than 25 congresses. Her research lines include deviant behaviour in children, specific educational support needs, and digital competences.

References

Acker, J. (1992). From sex roles to gendered institutions. Contemporary Sociology, 21(5), 565-569, https://doi.org/10.2307/2075528 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2075528

American Psychological Association [APA]. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596

Bach, T. (2012). Gender is a natural kind with a historical essence. Ethics, 122(2), 231-272. https://doi.org/10.1086/663232 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/663232

Barnes, E. (2022). Gender without gender identity: the case of cognitive disability. Mind, 131(523), 838–864. https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/fzab086 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/fzab086

Bleichmar, H. (1986). Angustia y fantasma. Matrices inconscientes en el más allá del principio del placer. Adotraf.

Brook, H. (2018). Re-orientation: Marriage, heteronormativity and heterodox paths. Feminist Theory, 19(3), 345-367. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464700118754675 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1464700118754675

Brown A. D. (2015). Identities and Identity Work in Organizations. International Journal of Management Reviews 17(1), 20-40. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12035 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ijmr.12035

Chen, R. (2023). Cultural Influences on Gender Identity. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 29(1), 76-92

Cosker-Rowland, R. (2023). Recent Work on Gender Identity and Gender. Analysis, 83(4), 801-820. https://doi.org/10.1093/analys/anad027 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/analys/anad027

Cosker‐Rowland, R. (2023). The normativity of gender. Noûs, 58(11), 244-270. https://doi.org/10.1111/nous.12453 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/nous.12453

Davis, P. (2023). Legal Recognition of Gender Identity: A Comparative Study. International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family, 37(1), 24-45

Donaghy, M. y Perales, F. (2022). Workplace wellbeing among LGBTQ+ Australians: Exploring diversity within diversity. Journal of Sociology. https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833221118383 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/14407833221118383

Eagly, A. H. y Karau, S. J. 2002. Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders. Psychological Review, 109(3), 573-598. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-295X.109.3.573

Eddleston, K. A. y Powell, G. N. (2008). The role of gender identity in explaining sex differences in business owners' career satisfier preferences. Journal of Business Venturing, 23(2), 244-256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2006.11.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2006.11.002

Esposito, E. C., Ellerkamp, H., Eisenberg, A. M., Handley, E. D. y Glenn, C. R. (2024). Suicide Ideation Among Transgender and Gender Diverse Adolescents: The Role of Parental Invalidation of Adolescents’ Gender Identity. Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-024-01203-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-024-01203-y

Fletcher, L. y Swierczynski, J. (2023). Non-binary gender identity expression in the workplace and the role of supportive HRM practices, co-worker allyship, and job autonomy. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 1-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2023.2284191 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2023.2284191

Foss, L., Henry, C., Ahl, H. y Mikalsen, G. H. (2019). Women's entrepreneurship policy research: a 30-year review of the evidence. Small Business Economics, 53(2), 409-429. https://acortar.link/NpEacv DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-9993-8

Fotaki, M. y Pullen, A. (2024). Feminist Theories and Activist Practices in Organization Studies. Organization Studies, 45(4), 593-616. https://doi.org/10.1177/01708406231209861 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/01708406231209861

Foucault, M. (2019). The history of sexuality: 2: The use of pleasure. Penguin UK.

Garcia, M. y Lee, K. (2022). Gender Identity and Academic Performance. Educational Psychology, 42(4), 567-585.

Gill, R., K. Kelan, E. y M. Scharff, C. (2016) A Postfeminist Sensibility at Work. Gender, Work & Organization, 24(3), 226-244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12132 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12132

Gulevich, O., Krivoshchekov, V. y Sorokina, A. (2021). Gender identification and attitudes toward gay people: Gender and sexuality differences and similarities. Current Psychology, 42, 7197-7210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02050-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02050-6

Haslanger, S. (2000). Gender and Race: ðWhatÞ Are They? ðWhatÞ Do We Want Them to Be?”. Resisting Reality, NOÚS, 24(1), 31-55. https://www.mit.edu/~shaslang/papers/WIGRnous.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/0029-4624.00201

Hechavarría, D. M. y Ingram, A. E. (2019). Entrepreneurial ecosystem conditions and gendered national-level entrepreneurial activity: a 14-year panel study of GEM. Small Business Economics, 53(2), 431-458. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-9994-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-9994-7

Helminen, E., Ducar, D., Scheer, J., Parke, K., Morton, M. y Felver, J. (2022). Self-Compassion, Minority Stress, and Mental Health in Sexual and Gender Minority Populations: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Clinical psychology: a publication of the Division of Clinical Psychology of the American Psychological Association, 30(1), 26-39. https://doi.org/10.1037/cps0000104 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/cps0000104

Hmieleski, K. M. y Sheppard, L. D. (2019). The Yin and Yang of entrepreneurship: Gender differences in the importance of communal and agentic characteristics for entrepreneurs’ subjective well-being and performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 34(4), 709-730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.06.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2018.06.006

Huffman, A., Mills, M., Howes, S. y Albritton, M. (2020). Workplace support and affirming behaviors: Moving toward a transgender, gender diverse, and non-binary friendly workplace. International journal of transgender health, 22(3), 225-242. https://doi.org/10.1080/26895269.2020.1861575. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/26895269.2020.1861575

Jenkins, K. (2016). Amelioration and Inclusion: Gender Identity and the Concept of Woman. Ethics, 126, 394-421. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/683535 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/683535

Johnson, I., Pietri, E., Buck, D. y Daas, R. (2021). What's in a pronoun: Exploring gender pronouns as an organizational identity-safety cue among sexual and gender minorities. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 97, 104194. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JESP.2021.104194 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2021.104194

Kaczuba, A. y Koszałkowska, K. (2023). The Interplay of Strength and Content of Women's Gender Identity, Ambivalent Sexism Targeted at Men, and Attitudes Toward Gender Role Subtypes. Psychological reports, 332941231213934. https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941231213934 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941231213934

Kushins, E. y Quispe-Agnoli, M. (2024). Cultural Reproduction or Cultural Repertoire: Women Leaders, Legitimacy and Firm Performance in Family and Nonfamily Firms. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4766853 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4766853

Lee, M., Russen, M., Dawson, M. y Madera, J. (2023). Enhancing Performance and Perceived Justice in Hospitality Organizations: An Integrated Model of Gender Diversity Within Top Management Teams. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 64, 503-524. https://doi.org/10.1177/19389655231164063 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/19389655231164063

Maccoby, E. (1998). Gender as a social category. Developmental Psychology, 24, 755-765. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0012-1649.24.6.755

Marlow, S. (2020). Gender and entrepreneurship: past achievements and future possibilities. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 12(1), 39-52. http://doi.or/10.1108/IJGE-05-2019-0090 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJGE-05-2019-0090

Matías, R. y Matud, M. (2023). Mental Symptoms, Life Satisfaction and Sexual Orientation: A Gender Analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12196366 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12196366

Matud, M., Díaz, A., Bethencourt, J. y Ibáñez, I. (2020). Stress and Psychological Distress in Emerging Adulthood: A Gender Analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092859 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092859

Money, J. (1955). Hermaphroditism, gender and precarity in hyperadrenocorticism: psychological Findings. Bulletin Johns Hopkins Hospital, 96, 253-264.

Muntean, S. C. y Ozkazanc-Pan, B. (2015). A Gender integrative conceptualization of entrepreneurship. New England Journal of Entrepreneurship, 18(1), 27-40. https://acortar.link/58tI24 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/NEJE-18-01-2015-B002

Nash, M. (2001). Diversidad, multiculturalismos e identidades: perspectivas de género. En M. Nash y D. Marre (Eds.), Multiculturalismos y género. Un estudio interdisciplinar (pp. 21-47). Bellatera

Navales, B., Dumlao, E. y Abug, N. (2023). An Inquiry to the Working Environment Inclusivity among LQBTQ Members: A Multi-Level Mixed Design Models. International Journal of Business, Technology and Organizational Behavior (IJBTOB). https://doi.org/10.52218/ijbtob.v3i4.285 DOI: https://doi.org/10.52218/ijbtob.v3i4.285

Nguyen, H. y Walker, S. (2024). Workplace Inclusion and Transgender Employees. Human Resource Management Journal, 58(3), 342-360.

Oliveira, E., Basini, S. y Cooney, T. M. (2024). Framing a feminist phenomenological inquiry into the lived experiences of women entrepreneurs. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Researc, 30(11), 91-119. https://acortar.link/eXmNnH DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-07-2023-0736

Olmeda Valle, A. y Frutos Frutos, I. (2001). Teoría y análisis de género: Guía metodológica para trabajar con grupos. Asociación Mujeres Jóvenes.

OMS (2016). FAQ on Health and Sexual Diversity - An Introduction to Key Concepts. World Health Organization. https://iris.who.int/

Ozturk, M. B., Rumens, N. y Tatli, A. (2024). Diversity and inclusion practitioners and non-binary employees in the UK: a Bourdieusian analysis. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2024.2305377 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2024.2305377

Palan, K., Areni, C. y Kiecker, P. (1999). Reexamining Masculinity, Femininity,and Gender Identity Scales. Marketing Letters, 10, 357-371. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008110204546 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008110204546

Perez, L. (2022). Gender Identity and Mental Health: Longitudinal Insights. American Journal of Psychiatry, 179(5), 401-415.

Roselli, C. E. (2018). Neurobiology of gender identity and sexual orientation.J Neuroendocrinol, 30(7), 12562. https://doi.org/10.1111/jne.12562 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jne.12562

Sarmiento-Ramírez, Y., Muñoz-Arroyave, E. A., Hechavaría-Pérez, J. R., López-Martínez, A. y Pérez-Cutiño, Y. (2023). Competitividad de ciudades en el contexto latinoamericano: un análisis bibliométrico y de redes sociales. Revista Española de Documentación Científica, 46(2). https://doi.org/10.3989/redc.2023.2.1974 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3989/redc.2023.2.1974

Scott, J. (1993). El género: una categoría útil para el análisis histórico. En M. C. Cangiano y L. Dubois (Eds), De mujer a Género, teoría, interpretación y práctica feminista en las ciencias sociales. (pp. 7-161). CEAL.

Shapiro, J. (1981). Antropology and the study of gender. En E. Langland y W. Gove (Eds), A Feminist Perspective in the Academy (pp. 29-110). University of Chicago.

Staffansson, P. K. (2015). Gender theory and the family business. En M. Nordqvist, L. Melin, M. Waldkirch y Kumeto, G. (Eds.), Theoretical perspectives on family businesses (pp. 191-210). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781783479665.00018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781783479665.00018

Suen, L. W., Lunn, M. R., Katuzny, K., Finn, S., Duncan, L., Sevelius, J., Flentje, A., Capriotti, M. R., Lubensky, M. E., Hunt, C., Weber, S., Bibbins-Domingo, K. y Obedin-Maliver, J. (2020). What Sexual and Gender Minority People Want Researchers to Know About Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Questions: A Qualitative Study. Archives of sexual behavior, 49(7), 2301–2318. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-020-01810-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-020-01810-y

Unger, R. K. y Crawford, M. (1992). Women and gender: A feminist psychology. McGraw-Hill.

Van Eck, N. J. y Waltman, L. (2010). Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics, 84, 523-538. https://acortar.link/TbC0L8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-009-0146-3

Velázquez, S. (2003). Violencias cotidianas, violencia de género: escuchar, comprender, ayudar. Paidós.

Williams, M. y Lewis, J. (2021). Developing a Conceptual Framework of Black Women’s Gendered Racial Identity Development. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 45, 212 - 228. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684320988602 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684320988602

Wood, W. y Eagly, A. H. (2015). Two Traditions of Research on Gender Identity. Sex Roles, 73, 461-473. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-015-0480-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-015-0480-2

Zaeemdar, S. (2024). Postfeminist technologies of authenticity: Examining the construction of authentic feminine selves in the neoliberal workplace. Organization, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/13505084231224363 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/13505084231224363

Zampetakis, L., Bakatsaki, M., Kafetsios, K. y Moustakis, V. (2016). Sex differences in entrepreneurs’ business growth intentions: an identity approach. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 5, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1186/S13731-016-0057-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-016-0057-5

Zona, F., Pesci, C. y Zamarian, M. (2024). CEO risk preferences in family firms: Combining socioemotional wealth and gender identity perspectives. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 15(2), 100553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2023.100553 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2023.100553

Published

2024-08-27

How to Cite

Lema Moreira, E. (2024). A literature review of gender identity in scientific research. European Public & Social Innovation Review, 9, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.31637/epsir-2024-569

Issue

Section

INNOVATING IN GENDER CONCEPT