Lo nacional-popular en Ecuador: una relación dialéctica

Pablo Pardo Moreno; José Jesús Albert Márquez

doi:10.31637/epsir-2024-577

Authors

Pablo Pardo Moreno University of Córdoba https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9487-1038
José Jesús Albert Márquez University of Córdoba https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9901-4194

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31637/epsir-2024-577

Keywords:

nation, people, dialectic, power, Ecuador, élite, nationalism, populism

Abstract

Introduction: Nationalism and populism have marked the recent history of Latin America, with Ecuador as a unique case. The objectives of this study are to identify the political and power actors who have projected ideas of nationhood, and to analyse the dialectic between different senses of nationhood and the notion of ‘people’ in Ecuador's social struggles over the last thirty years. Methodology: Dialectics was used both as a lens for observing the process and as a method of analysis to understand the development of the sense of the Ecuadorian nation in relation to the popular. The research focuses on a conflict-based conceptualisation of dialectics, using antagonistic perspectives such as those of Heraclitus, materialism and illuminism. A historiographical review of the last three decades of nation-building efforts by political actors and social movements was undertaken. Results: The study reveals a constant dispute over the sense of nation, evidenced by symptoms such as political instability, social conflict and the prominence of the armed forces as a political catalyst in governmental crises. Conclusions: Both nationalism and populism in Ecuador have had political and ideological translations that are reflected in the aforementioned political and social instability and conflict.

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Author Biographies

Pablo Pardo Moreno, University of Córdoba

Pablo Pardo Moreno has been a lecturer in International Relations at Ecotec University (Ecuador) for four years and has taught research subjects in the postgraduate education programme at the same university. He has published two high-impact publications, participated in nine scientific conferences and published two book chapters. Professionally, he has worked as a communications and political strategy consultant for political parties and candidates in Ecuador and Spain. He has also advised non-governmental organisations on communication campaigns. He is a university lecturer and researcher and his line of research focuses on the construction of political identities in Latin America. Pablo is a sociologist, Master in Political and Institutional Communication and PhD candidate in Social and Legal Sciences at the University of Cordoba (Spain).

José Jesús Albert Márquez, University of Córdoba

José Jesús Albert Márquez is Associate Professor of Philosophy of Law at the University of Cordoba. He holds a PhD from the University of Cordoba with the qualification of Outstanding ‘cum laude’ and the mention of European Doctor, for the thesis entitled ‘El pensamiento jurídico y político de José Pedro Galvão de Sousa’ (The legal and political thought of José Pedro Galvão de Sousa). Márquez is Professor of the PRESHCO Programme of the U.C.O. (Hispanic Studies Programme of the University of Cordoba), teaching the subject ‘Human Rights’. Lecturer in the Inter-University Master's Degree in the Inter-University Master's Degree ‘Human Rights and Culture of Peace’, at the Universities of Cordoba, Malaga and Granada. Subjects taught: Democracy and Human Rights in non-Western contexts; Teaching in the Faculty of Law of the UCO (subjects) Theory of Law Philosophy of Law Human Rights Law and Humanities, Public Speaking and Sources of Legal Information and Law and New Information Technologies; Lecturer in the ‘Diploma of Specialisation in Family Mediation and Minors in Intra and Extra Judicial Conflict’. He has been a Collaborating Professor in Teaching Group 121 at the University of Cordoba from 2007 to the present.

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