Accesibilidad digital y presencial: evaluación heurística de la visita al Museo Nacional de Artes Decorativas de Madrid

Amaya Matesanz Muñoz

doi:10.31637/epsir-2025-1587

Authors

Amaya Matesanz Muñoz Rey Juan Carlos University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3837-3174

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31637/epsir-2025-1587

Keywords:

accessibility, National Museum of Decorative Arts, heuristic evaluation, digital visit, face-to-face visit, DALCO criteria, barriers, public

Abstract

Introduction: The ICOM definition of a museum explicitly includes that they must be spaces open to the public, accessible, and inclusive, promoting diversity and sustainability. This study focuses on the potential accessibility barriers faced by visitors to an art museum, whether the chosen visit modality is in-person or digital. Methodology: The methodology used is heuristic evaluation, taking the Museo Nacional de Artes Decorativas in Madrid as a case study for both types of visits. The DALCO criteria of the UNE-170001 standard were applied as basic rules of analysis. Results: It was found that there are elements of the accessibility chain that may hinder the visit, particularly related to the ability to conduct an independent and autonomous visit. Some issues were identified as relatively easy and inexpensive to address. Discussion and Conclusions: The study confirms that, despite advancements in both society and museums, accessibility barriers still exist, limiting access to museums.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Amaya Matesanz Muñoz, Rey Juan Carlos University

PhD. in Humanities: Language and Culture from Universidad Rey Juan Carlos de Madrid, Master in Occupational Risk Prevention from Universidad Europea Miguel de Cervantes de Valladolid and Diploma in Physiotherapy from Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca. Research professor at the Universidad Rey Juan Carlos de Madrid (Spain) in the Degrees in Integral Design and Image Management and in the Degree in Fashion Design and Management since 2016. Her research areas range from ergonomics to universal accessibility and design for human diversity, with several ongoing projects around its application in the art world and especially in museums.

References

Asenjo Hernanz, M. E., López Benito, V. y Llonch Molina, N. (2016). Concepciones sobre la inclusión cultural en Museos y Patrimonio. Her&Mus, Heritage & Museography, 17, 57-76. https://bit.ly/3VrB2eu

Asensio Brouard, M., Santacana Mestre, J. y Fontal Merillas, O. (2016). Inclusión en Patrimonio y Museos: más allá de la dignidad y la accesibilidad. Inclusión cultural en museos y patrimonio, Her&Mus, 17, 39-56. https://bit.ly/3VrB2eu

Asociación Española de Normalización (2007). Accesibilidad universal. Parte 1: Criterios DALCO para facilitar la accesibilidad al entorno (UNE 170001-1:2007). https://www.une.org/encuentra-tu-norma/busca-tu-norma/norma?c=N0040254

Asociación Española de Normalización (2018). Accesibilidad al Patrimonio Cultural Inmueble. Criterios generales y metodología (UNE 41531: 2018). https://tienda.aenor.com/norma-une-41531-2018-in-n0060417

Bast, G. (2018). ¿Cambian las sociedades, cambia el arte, cambian los museos? En Bast, G., Carayannis, E. G. y Campbell, D. F. J. (Eds.), The Future of Museums. Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93955-1

Clifford, J. (1997). Routes: Travel and translation in the late twentieth century. Harvard University Press.

Falk, J. H. y Dierking, L. D. (2013). The Museum Experience Revisited [La experiencia del museo revisitada]. Left Coast Press.

Hurtado Jarandilla, A. (2020). La dimensión digital de los museos españoles. Una cuestión ubicua [Tesis Doctoral, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid]. https://bit.ly/3RuxRSh

International Council of Museums. (24 de agosto de 2022). Comité Permanente para la Definición de Museo - ICOM Define Informe final (2020-2022). https://bit.ly/3KH50Gq

Jenkins, H. (2006). Convergence Culture. New York University Press.

McCarthy, K. F. y Jinnett, K. (2001). A New Framework for Building Participation in the Arts. Rand Corporation. DOI: https://doi.org/10.59656/A-AD4919.001

Museo Nacional de Artes Decorativas (s.f.). Portada. https://www.cultura.gob.es/mnartesdecorativas/portada.html

Nielsen, J. y Molich, R. (1990). Heuristic evaluation of user interfaces. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '90), Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, pp. 249–256. https://doi.org/10.1145/97243.97281 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/97243.97281

Proctor, N. (2011). De los auriculares a los micrófonos: los medios sociales móviles en el museo como red distribuida. En A. Ibáñez Etxeberria (Ed.), Museos, redes sociales y tecnología 2.0 (pp. 27-58). Servicio Editorial de la Universidad del País Vasco.

Purkis, H. (2013). Making Contact in an exhibition zone: Displaying contemporary cultural diversity in Donegal, Ireland, through an installation of visual and material portraits. Museum & Society, 11(1), 50-67. https://doi.org/10.29311/mas.v11i1.222 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29311/mas.v11i1.222

Real Academia Española (s.f.). Museo. En Diccionario de la lengua española (23ª ed.) [versión 23.6 en línea]. https://dle.rae.es/museo?m=form

Sánchez Caballero, M. (2021). Modelo de Accesibilidad por Capas. Asepau: Revista de los profesionales de la accesibilidad universal, 5, 66-72. http://www.asepau.org/sites/default/files/pdf/publications/asepau05_final.pdf

Saumarez Smith, C. (2006). The Future of the Museum. En S. Macdonald (Ed.), A Companion to Museum Studies (pp. 543-554). Blackwell Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/b.9781405108393.2006.00041.x

Scolari, C. A. (2021). Las leyes de la interfaz. Diseño, ecología, evolución, tecnología (2ª ed.). Gedisa.

Sylaiou, S. y Dafiotis, P. (2020). Storytelling in Virtual Museums: Engaging A Multitude of Voices. En Liarokapis, F., Voulodimos, A., Doulamis, N. y Doulamis, A. (Eds.), Visual Computing for Cultural Heritage, Springer Series on Cultural Computing (pp. 369-388). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37191-3_19 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37191-3_19

Vanderheiden, G. C. y Jordan, J. B. (2012). En G. Salvendy (Ed.), Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics (4ª ed., pp. 1409-1441). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Vega, M. (2017). El diseño universal en los museos de arte. En A. Galán Pérez (Ed.), Accesibilidad y museos. Divulgación y transferencia de experiencias, retos y oportunidades de futuro (pp. 111-116). Asociación de Museólogos y Museógrafos de Andalucía.

Woollard, V. (2004). Caring for the visitor. En P. J. Boylan (Ed. y coord.), Running a Museum: A Practical Handbook (pp. 105-118). ICOM - International Council of Museums.