A review of approaches and methods in peacebuilding
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31637/epsir-2025-1414Palavras-chave:
peacebuilding, conflicts, liberal peace, local, development, international organizations, impact evaluation, UNResumo
Introduction: The objective of this work was to critically review the central elements of the theoretical discussion on peacebuilding, including the methodologies proposed for its evaluation and analysis. Methodology: This review was carried out using the method of scoping review or exploratory systematic review, whose purpose is to obtain a panoramic view of the research on a topic, which allows identifying the evolution of knowledge about it, the emerging themes and the main methodological developments used in research in the field. Results: Much of the literature on peacebuilding has dealt with two main themes: first, the critique of the liberal approach in peace studies; second, the perspective that proposes a shift towards the local and its implications. The latter approach attaches great importance to the participation of local communities and advocates bottom-up peacebuilding processes that consider the particularities of each territory. Conclusions: Although there is no consensus on the meaning of peacebuilding and the type of interventions that are considered peacebuilding, it is clear that these are related to other areas of action such as development and the institutional framework. In addition, the multiplicity of interventions, actors and levels involved in peacebuilding makes its measurement difficult.
Downloads
Referências
Bindi, I. T., & Tufekci, O. (2018). Liberal Peacebuilding in Sierra Leone: A Critical Exploration. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 53(8), 1158-1172. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909618776427 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909618776427
Birkenhoff, D., & Johnson, R. (2009). Decentralized local governance in fragile states: Learning from Iraq. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 75(4), 585-607. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852309349424
Bonilla, S. (2018). ¿Paz liberal o paz desde los territorios? Revista de Investigación Opinión Pública, 10, 11-22. https://doi.org/10.52143/2711-0281.541 DOI: https://doi.org/10.52143/2711-0281.541
Boulding, E. (2000). Cultures of peace. The hidden side of story. Syracuse University Press.
Boulding, K. (1977). Twelve friendly querrels with Johan Galtung. Journal of Peace Research, XIV(1), 75-86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002234337701400105
Boutros-Ghali, B. (1992). An agenda for peace: Preventive diplomacy, peacemaking and peace-keeping. United Nations. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/145749?ln=es DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/004711789201100302
Brancati, D. (2006). Decentralization: Fueling the Fire or Dampening the Flames of Ethnic Conflict and Secessionism? International Organization, 60(3). https://doi.org/10.1017/S002081830606019X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S002081830606019X
Campbell, S., Chandler, D., & Sabaratnam, M. (Eds.). (2011). A liberal peace? The problems and practices of peacebuilding. Zed Books. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350218017
Chigas, D., Church, M., & Corlazzoli, V. (2014). Evaluating Impacts of Peacebuilding Interventions: Approaches and methods, challenges and considerations. UK Aid, Department for International Development, CDA, Safer World, Search for Common Ground.
Consejo de Seguridad Naciones Unidas. (2001). Que no haya salida sin una estrategia: La adopción de decisiones en el Consejo de Seguridad para la terminación o transformación de las operaciones de paz de las Naciones Unidas [Informe del Secretario General].
Debiel, T., & Rinck, P. (2016). Rethinking the Local in Peacebuilding: Moving away from the liberal/post liberal divide. En T. Debiel, T. Held, & U. Schneckener (Eds.), Peacebuilding in Crisis. Rethinking Paradigms and Practices of Transnational Cooperation. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315717852
Fetherston, A. B. (2000). From Conflict Resolution to Transformative Peacebuilding: Reflections from Croatia. CCR Working Papers, University of Bradford, 4. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/938
Galtung, J. (1964). An editorial. Journal of Peace Research, 1(1), 1-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002234336400100101
Galtung, J. (1976). Three approaches to peace: Peacekeeping, peacemaking and peacebuilding. En Peace, War and Defense: Essays in Peace Research II (pp. 292-304). Christian Elders.
Galtung, J. (1990). Cultural Violence. Journal of Peace Research, 27(3), 291-305. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343390027003005
Gattes, S., Hegre, H., Mokleiv Nygard, H., & Strand, H. (2015, marzo 30). The consequences of internal armed conflict for development (part 1). SIPRI. https://lc.cx/lEByPF
Grävingholt, J., Gänzle, S., & Ziaja, S. (2009). Policy Brief: Concepts of Peacebuilding and State Building – How Compatible Are They? German Development Institute. https://goo.su/a5WZgX
Hegre, H. (2004). The limits of the liberal peace [Tesis de doctorado, University of Oslo]. https://havardhegre.files.wordpress.com/2013/09/hegre_drph_dissertation.pdf
Hueso, V. (2000). Johan Galtung: La transformación de los conflictos por medios pacíficos. Cuadernos de Estrategia, 111, 125-159.
Institute for Economics & Peace. (2023). Global Peace Index 2023: Measuring peace in a complex world. https://www.economicsandpeace.org/global-peace-index/
Institute for Economics and Peace. (2018). Measuring peacebuilding cost-effectiveness.
International Association for Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research. (2013). The conceptual origins of peacebuilding. http://www.peacebuildinginitiative.org/index34ac.html?pageId=1764#two
Lawler, P. (1993). Peace as Nirvana: Some critical comments on Galtung’s recent peace research. Interdisciplinary Peace Research, 5(2), 37-79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14781159308412767
Lederach, J. P. (1998). Construyendo la paz. Reconciliación sostenible en sociedades divididas. Gernika Gogoratuz. https://goo.su/8IhJXE
Leonardsson, H., & Rudd, G. (2015). The ‘local turn’ in peacebuilding: A literature review of effective and emancipatory local peacebuilding. Third World Quarterly, 36(5), 825-839. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2015.1029905 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2015.1029905
Martinelli. (2000). A Response to Recent Critiques of Conflict Resolution: Is Critical Theory the Answer? Copenhagen Peace Research Institute. https://ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu/wps/qum01/
Noltze, M., & Harten, S. (2021). ¿Mejores criterios para una mejor evaluación? La reforma de los criterios internacionales de evaluación. DEval Policy Brief, 1. https://goo.su/VodXS1T
Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico. (2020). Mejores criterios para una mejor evaluación. https://www.oecd.org/development/evaluation/Criterios-evaluacion-ES.pdf
Paffenholz, T., & Spurk, C. (2006). Civil Society, Civic Engagement, and Peacebuilding. https://n9.cl/4yo7w
París, S. (2005). La Transformación de los Conflictos desde la Filosofía para la Paz [Tesis de doctorado, Universidad Jaume I de Castellón de la Plana]. https://www.tdx.cat/bitstream/handle/10803/10456/paris.pdf
Rettberg, A. (2013). La construcción de paz bajo la lupa: Una revisión de la actividad y de la literatura académica internacional. Estudios Políticos, 42, 13-36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.espo.15782
Reychler, L. (2008). Aid for Peace: Planning and Evaluation in Conflict Zones. En G. Scheers (Ed.), Assessing Progress on the Road to Peace: Planning, Monitoring and Evaluating Conflict Prevention and Peacebuilding Activities. European Centre for Conflict Prevention, Global Secretariat of the Global Partnership for the Prevention of Armed Conflict.
Richmond, O. P. (2008). Peace in International Relations. Routledge.
Scherrer, V. (2012). Measuring the Impact of Peacebuilding Interventions on Rule of Law and Security Institutions. The Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces. https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/145072/SSR%20Paper%206.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/bbq
Schou, A., & Haug, M. (2005). Decentralisation in Conflict and Post-Conflict Situations. Norwegian Institute for Urban and Regional Research. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7577/nibr/notat/2005/139
Secretario General de las Naciones Unidas. (2000). Informe del Secretario General a la Asamblea General—Nosotros los pueblos: La función de las Naciones Unidas en el siglo XXI.
Woodhouse, T. (2010). Adam Curle: Radical Peacemaker and Pioneer of Peace Studies. Journal of Conflictology, 1(1), 1-10.
Zapata, M. L. (2009). Construcción de paz y transformación de conflictos [Tesis de grado]. Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Secção
Licença
Direitos de Autor (c) 2025 Yudy Adriana Gamboa Vesga, Claudia Milena Quijano Mejía
Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Licença Internacional Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial-SemDerivações 4.0.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Non Commercial, No Derivatives Attribution 4.0. International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.), that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
