La fijación en la ideación de nuevos productos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31637/epsir-2025-1162Palabras clave:
fijación, creatividad, ideación, estímulos, inhibidores, heurísticas diseño, pensamiento analógico, ingeniería industrialResumen
Introducción: La innovación requiere de ideas novedosas, lo cual se ve afectado por la fijación. Los ingenieros industriales son agentes de innovación y es relevante identificar aspectos, que incorporados a su formación profesional permitan fortalecer sus competencias creativas. El estudio busca identificar fuentes de fijación durante la ideación, así como estímulos que puedan reducirla. Metodología: Se realiza un comparativo de las competencias creativas de 28 estudiantes de semestres inferiores y superiores de ingeniería industrial. Se aplica AUT y RAT como herramientas de medición. Se realiza un análisis del impacto de estímulos generados por métodos de ideación: tormenta de ideas, diseño por heurísticas y pensamiento analógico. Resultados: Se observa un incremento en la cantidad, fluidez y variedad del grupo con entrenamiento en procesos convergentes y divergentes, al igual que una reducción en la fijación a partir del uso de estímulos en la fase de ideación. Discusión: El entrenamiento con AUT evidencia un incremento en la cantidad, fluidez y variedad. La aplicación de estímulos como pensamiento analógico y diseño por heurísticas reducen la fijación. Conclusiones: El entrenamiento en pensamiento divergente, asociativo y convergente, la interacción social y la motivación mejoran la cantidad, fluidez y novedad de las ideas reduciendo la fijación.
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