Revisión de las estrategias para la promoción de la alfabetización financiera digital de los mayores: eficacia y limitaciones
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31637/epsir-2025-1408Palabras clave:
alfabetización financiera, competencias digitales, mayores, inclusión financiera, estrategias, limitaciones, revisión, encuesta de competencias financierasResumen
Introducción: Este artículo aborda la necesidad crítica de la alfabetización financiera para promover la inclusión de las personas mayores en la era digital. A medida que los servicios financieros migran hacia entornos digitales, se hace evidente la importancia de que los adultos mayores adquieran competencias financieras básicas que les permitan participar de manera efectiva y segura en el sistema económico actual. Metodología: Se realizó un análisis de diferentes programas de alfabetización financiera dirigidos a personas mayores, tomando como base los resultados de la Encuesta de Competencias Financieras (ECF) del Banco de España y la Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores (CNMV) correspondientes a los años 2016 y 2021. Se examinaron las barreras identificadas por estas instituciones y se evaluó la efectividad de las iniciativas existentes. Resultados: El análisis de los datos de la ECF reveló que, a pesar de las múltiples iniciativas implementadas para mejorar la alfabetización financiera de los mayores, la participación de este grupo etario sigue siendo insuficiente. Persisten barreras que dificultan su plena inclusión en el ámbito financiero digital, lo que resalta la necesidad de enfoques más personalizados y de una mayor implicación de los servicios públicos. Discusión: Los resultados evidencian que, aunque se han logrado ciertos progresos en la promoción de la alfabetización financiera y en la reducción de barreras, las estrategias actuales no son completamente efectivas para integrar a los adultos mayores. Se destaca la necesidad de diseñar intervenciones específicas que respondan a las características y limitaciones de esta población, así como la importancia de una revisión continua y actualización de los programas existentes. Conclusiones: Es imperativo impulsar nuevos modelos de educación financiera que no solo reduzcan las barreras, sino que también promuevan la plena participación de los mayores en la economía digital. El estudio proporciona un marco sólido para el desarrollo de estrategias integrales y sostenibles que atiendan las necesidades de los adultos mayores y garanticen su inclusión en un entorno financiero cada vez más digital.
Descargas
Citas
Abad, L. (2014). Diseño de programas de e-inclusión para alfabetización mediática de personas mayores. Comunicar: Revista Científica de Comunicación y Educación, 21(42), 173-180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/C42-2014-17 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3916/C42-2014-17
Abbes, M., Julien, A., Hao, S. y Touzani, M. (2024). Adopting digital signatures for complex financial products in the french banking sector: how technology acceptance and user literacy matter. IEEE Transactions On Engineering Management, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2024.3359707 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2024.3359707
Agencia Española de Protección de Datos. (s.f.). Responsabilidades y obligaciones en la utilización de dispositivos digitales móviles en la enseñanza. https://www.aepd.es/
Akbaş, M. Ç. y Seedsman, T. (2024). Financial literacy as part of empowerment education for later life: A spectrum of perspectives, challenges and implications for individuals, educators, and policymakers in the modern digital economy. Economics, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/econ-2022-0097 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/econ-2022-0097
Arellano, A., Cámara, N. y Tuesta, D. (2017). Explaining the gender gap in financial literacy: The role of non‐cognitive skills. Economic Notes, 47(2-3), 495-518. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecno.12113 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ecno.12113
Bavafa, H., Liu, J. y Mukherjee, A. (2019). Building financial and health literacy at older ages: The role of online information. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 53(3), 877-916. https://doi.org/10.1111/joca.12238 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/joca.12238
BBVA. (2021). Las mejores prácticas para que los niños aprendan sobre finanzas. https://acortar.link/0EkRKy
BBVA. (2024). Educación Financiera con BBVA. https://www.bbva.com/es/sostenibilidad/social/educacion-financiera/
Boisclair, D., Lusardi, A. y Michaud, P. (2015). Financial literacy and retirement planning in Canada. Journal of Pension Economics & Finance, 16(3), 277-296. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1474747215000311 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474747215000311
Bomba, P. (2006). Use of a single page elder abuse assessment and management tool. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 46(3-4), 103-122. https://doi.org/10.1300/j083v46n03_06 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1300/J083v46n03_06
Bover, O., Hospido, L. y Villanueva, E. (2018). Encuesta de Competencias Financieras (ECF) 2016: Principales Resultados. Dirección General de Economía y Estadística. Banco de España. Depósito legal: M-16426-2018.
Bui, M. T. y Luong, T. N. O. (2023). Financial inclusion for the elderly in Thailand and the role of information communication technology. Borsa Istanbul Review, 23(4), 818-833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2023.02.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2023.02.003
Choma, B. L., Sumantry, D. y Hanoch, Y. (2019). Right-wing ideology and numeracy: A perception of greater ability, but poorer performance. Judgement and Decision-Making, 14(4), 412-422. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1930297500006100
Choudhary, H. y Jain, H. (2023). Addressing financial exclusion through financial literacy training programs: a systematic literature review. Empirical Research In Vocational Education And Training, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40461-023-00147-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40461-023-00147-9
Choung, Y., Chatterjee, S. y Pak, T. (2023). Digital financial literacy and financial well-being. Finance Research Letters, 58, 104438. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2023.104438 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2023.104438
Comisión Europea. (2023). Flash Eurobarometer 525: Monitoring the level of financial literacy in the EU. https://europa.eu/eurobarometer
Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores (CNMV)/Banco de España (BE) (2008). Plan de Educación Financiera 2008-2012.
Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores (CNMV)/Banco de España (BE) (2018). Plan de Educación Financiera 2018-2021.
Comisión Nacional del Mercado de Valores (CNMV)/Banco de España (BE) (2022). Plan de Educación Financiera 2022-2025.
Comité Económico y Social Europeo (2011). Educación financiera para todos. Estrategias y buenas prácticas de educación financiera en la Unión Europea (2ª ed.). Unidad de Visitas y Publicaciones.
Dahan, N. y Gittens, M. (2009). Business and the public affairs of slavery: A discursive approach of an ethical public issue. Journal of Business Ethics, 92(2), 227-249. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0151-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0151-8
Das, S., Hs, N., School, M. y Mahapatra, S. K. (2023). The big three of financial literacy: Analyzing its influences on financial well-being. FWU Journal of Social Sciences, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.51709/19951272/summer2023/1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.51709/19951272/Summer2023/1
Earl, J. K., Gerrans, P., Asher, A. y Woodside, J. (2015). Financial literacy, financial judgement, and retirement self-efficacy of older trustees of self-managed superannuation funds. Australian Journal of Management, 40(3), 435-458. https://doi.org/10.1177/0312896215572155 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0312896215572155
Ferilli, G. B., Altunbas, Y., Stefanelli, V., Palmieri, E. y Boscia, V. (2024). Fintech governance and performance: Implications for banking and financial stability. Research In International Business And Finance, 70, 102349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2024.102349 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2024.102349
Ferrer, I., Lee, Y. y Khan, M. N. (2020). Understanding the lived experiences and financial realities of older immigrants. Canadian Ethnic Studies, 52(2), 53-78. https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2020.0013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2020.0013
Finke, M. S., Howe, J. S. y Huston, S. J. (2017). Old age and the decline in financial literacy. Management Science, 63(1), 213-230. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2293 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2293
Fort, M., Manaresi, F. y Trucchi, S. (2016). Adult financial literacy and households’ financial assets: The role of bank information policies. Economic Policy, 31(88), 743-782. https://doi.org/10.1093/epolic/eiw012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/epolic/eiw012
Fundación “La Caixa”. (s.f.). Programas sociales, personas mayores, formación. https://fundacionlacaixa.org/es/personas-mayores-formacion
García Lopera, F., Ruiz Palomo, D., Asensio Vázquez, M. y León Gómez, A. (2021). Financial education as a strategy to promote financial inclusion and financial capabilities of the population in Honduras. Razón Histórica-Revista Hispanoamericana de Historia de las Ideas, 50, 74-99.
Gaurav, S. y Singh, A. (2012). An inquiry into the financial literacy and cognitive ability of farmers: Evidence from rural India. Oxford Development Studies, 40(3), 358-380. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600818.2012.703319 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13600818.2012.703319
Ghys, T. (2017). Analysing social innovation through the lens of poverty reduction: five key factors. European Public & Social Innovation Review, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.31637/epsir.17-2.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31637/epsir.17-2.1
Gilhooly, M. L., Cairns, D., Davies, M., Harries, P., Gilhooly, K. J. y Notley, E. (2013). Framing the detection of financial elder abuse as bystander intervention: Decision cues, pathways to detection and barriers to action. The Journal of Adult Protection, 15(2), 54-68. https://doi.org/10.1108/14668201311313578 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/14668201311313578
Gordon, N. P. y Hornbrook, M. C. (2018). Older adults’ readiness to engage with eHealth patient education and self-care resources: A cross-sectional survey. BMC Health Services Research, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-2986-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-2986-0
Grupo del Banco Mundial. (2021). Estimaciones del personal del Banco Mundial basadas en la distribución por edad/sexo de las Perspectivas de la Población Mundial de la División de Población de las Naciones Unidas.
Grupo Santander. (21 de noviembre de 2023). La educación financiera impulsa el progreso de la sociedad. https://acortar.link/18O6Uy
Guo, L., Tang, L., Cheng, X. y Li, H. (2023). Exploring the role of fintech development in reducing firm pollution discharges: Evidence from Chinese industrial firms. Journal of Cleaner Production, 425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138833 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138833
Győri, Z. (2021). Financial literacy programmes targeting the poor: the possibilities of using financial literacy as a tool for financial inclusion. Economic Annals-XXI, 190(5-6(2)), 162-170. https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.v190-15 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21003/ea.V190-15
Han, S. D., Boyle, P. A., James, B. D., Yu, L. y Bennett, D. A. (2015). Poorer financial and health literacy among community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Journal of Aging and Health, 27(6), 1105-1117. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264315577780 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264315577780
Hargittai, E. y Dobransky, K. (2017). Old dogs, new clicks: Digital inequality in Internet skills and uses among older adults. Canadian Journal of Communication, 42(2), 195-212. https://doi.org/10.22230/cjc2017v42n2a3176 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22230/cjc.2017v42n2a3176
Hargittai, E., Piper, A. M. y Morris, M. R. (2018). From internet access to internet skills: Digital inequality among older adults. Universal Access in The Information Society, 18(4), 881-890. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-018-0617-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-018-0617-5
Hodge, H., Carson, D., Carson, D., Newman, L. y Garrett, J. (2017). Using Internet technologies in rural communities to access services: The views of older people and service providers. Journal of Rural Studies, 54, 469-478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2016.06.016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2016.06.016
Hope, S. C. y Jacobson, T. (2012). Alfabetización mediática como método para fomentar la participación cívica. Comunicar: Revista Científica de Comunicación y Educación, 20(39), 73-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3916/C39-2012-02-07
Hospido, L., Machelett, M., Pidkuyko, M. y Villanueva, E. (2023). Encuesta de Competencias Financieras (ECF) 2021: Principales resultados y cambios desde 2016. Dirección General de Economía y Estadística. Banco de España. https://doi.org/10.53479/34752 DOI: https://doi.org/10.53479/34752
Imam, T., McInnes, A., Colombage, S. y Grose, R. (2022). Opportunities and barriers for FinTech in SAARC and ASEAN countries. Journal of Risk And Financial Management, 15(2), 77. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15020077 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15020077
Instituto de Mayores y Servicios Sociales. (2011). Libro Blanco sobre Envejecimiento Activo. https://imserso.es/espacio-mayores/envejecimiento-activo/libro-blanco-del-envejecimiento-activo
Instituto Nacional de Ciberseguridad. (s.f.). Guía de ciberseguridad. La ciberseguridad al alcance de todos. Experiencia senior. https://www.incibe.es/ciudadania/experiencia-senior#collapseThree
James, B. D., Boyle, P. A., Yu, L., Han, S. D. y Bennett, D. A. (2015). Cognitive decline is associated with risk aversion and temporal discounting in older adults without dementia. PloS One, 10(4), e0121900. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0121900 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0121900
Jana, D., Sinha, A. y Gupta, A. (2024). Determinants of financial literacy and use of financial services: An empirical study amongst the unorganized sector workers in Indian Scenario. Interdisciplinary Journal of Management Studies (Formerly known as Iranian Journal of Management Studies), 12(4), 657-675. https://doi.org/10.22059/ijms.2019.268945.673392
Kadoya, Y., Khan, M. S. R., Hamada, T. y Domínguez, A. (2018). Financial literacy and anxiety about life in old age: evidence from the USA. Review of Economics of the Household, 16(3), 859-878. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-017-9401-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-017-9401-1
Katsiampa, P., McGuinness, P. B. y Zhang, H. (2023). The role of board age diversity in the performance of publicly listed Fintech entities. European Journal of Finance, 30(11), 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/1351847X.2023.2287066 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1351847X.2023.2287066
Khan, F., Siddiqui, M. A. y Imtiaz, S. (2022). Role of financial literacy in achieving financial inclusion: A review, synthesis, and research agenda. Cogent Business & Management, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2034236 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2034236
Klapper, L., Lusardi, A. y Van Oudheusden, P. (2015). Financial literacy around the world: Insights from the standard and poor’s ratings services.
Knewtson, H. S. y Rosenbaum, Z. A. (2020). Toward understanding FinTech and its industry. Managerial Finance, 46(8), 1043-1060. https://doi.org/10.1108/mf-01-2020-0024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/MF-01-2020-0024
Koskelainen, T., Kalmi, P., Scornavacca, E. y Vartiainen, T. (2023). Financial literacy in the digital age—A research agenda. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 57(1), 507-528. https://doi.org/10.1111/joca.12510 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/joca.12510
Kruger, J. y Dunning, D. (1999). Unskilled and unaware of it: How difficulties in recognizing one’s own incompetence lead to inflated self-assessments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77(6), 1121-1134. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.77.6.1121 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.77.6.1121
Kurach, R., Kośny, M., Kuśmierczyk, P. y Merouani, W. (2020). What does ‘Big Three’ tell us about retirement planning skills? Applied Economics Letters, 28(19), 1703-1706. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2020.1851646 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2020.1851646
Kurnianingsih, Y. A., Sim, S. K. Y., Chee, M. W. L. y Mullette-Gillman, O. A. (2015). Aging and loss decision making: increased risk aversion and decreased use of maximizing information, with correlated rationality and value maximization. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00280 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2015.00280
Lahiri, S. y Biswas, S. (2022). Does financial literacy improve financial behavior in emerging economies? Evidence from India. Managerial Finance, 48(9/10), 1430-1452. https://doi.org/10.1108/mf-09-2021-0440 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/MF-09-2021-0440
Li, P., Li, Q. y Du, S. (2024). Does digital literacy help residents avoid becoming victims of frauds? Empirical evidence based on a survey of residents in six provinces of east China. International Review of Economics & Finance, 91, 364-377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2024.01.056 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2024.01.056
Li, Y., Baldassi, M., Johnson, E. y Weber, E. (2013). Complementary cognitive capabilities, economic decision making, and aging. Psychology and Aging, 28(3), 595-613. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034172 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034172
Lo Prete, A. (2022). Digital and financial literacy as determinants of digital payments and personal finance. Economics Letters, 213, 110378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2022.110378 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2022.110378
López-Rodríguez, C. E., Sandoval-Escobar, M. y Maldonado, J. A. S. (2024). Resistance to technological innovation and brand equity in the banking sector. Management & Marketing, 19(1), 93-112. https://doi.org/10.2478/mmcks-2024-0006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/mmcks-2024-0006
Lüders, M. y Gjevjon, E. R. (2017). Being old in an always-on culture: Older people’s perceptions and experiences of online communication. The Information Society, 33(2), 64-75. https://doi.org/10.1080/01972243.2016.1271070 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01972243.2016.1271070
Lusardi, A. y Mitchell, O. (2014). The economic importance of financial literacy: Theory and evidence. Journal of Economic Literature, 52(1), 5-44. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.52.1.5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.52.1.5
Lusardi, A. y Mitchell, O. S. (2007). Financial literacy and retirement preparedness: Evidence and implications for financial education. Business Economics, 42(1), 35-44. https://doi.org/10.2145/20070104 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2145/20070104
Lusardi, A., Mitchell, O. S. y Curto, V. (2014). Financial literacy and financial sophistication in the older population. Journal of Pension Economics & Finance, 13(4), 347-366. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1474747214000031 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474747214000031
Melnychenko, S., Volosovych, S. y Baraniuk, Y. (2020). Dominant ideas of financial technologies in digital banking. Baltic Journal of Economic Studies, 6(1), 92-99. https://doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2020-6-1-92-99 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2020-6-1-92-99
Montecinos, E. (2007). Límites del enfoque de las políticas públicas para definir un “problema público”. Cuadernos de Administración, 20(33), 323-335.
Murugiah, L., Ismail, R., Taib, H., Applanaidu, S. D. y Long, M. (2023). Children’s understanding of financial literacy and parents’ choice of financial knowledge learning methods in Malaysia. MethodsX, 11, 102383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2023.102383 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2023.102383
Mushtaq, R. y Bruneau, C. (2019). Microfinance, financial inclusion, and ICT: Implications for poverty and inequality. Technology in Society, 59, 101154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2019.101154 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2019.101154
Naciones Unidas (2023). Informe de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible 2023: Edición Especial. Por un plan de rescate para las personas y el planeta.
Nguyen, L., Nguyen, P., Tran, Q. y Trinh, T. (2021). Why does subjective financial literacy hinder retirement saving? The mediating roles of risk tolerance and risk perception. Review of Behavioral Finance, 14(5), 627-645. https://doi.org/10.1108/rbf-03-2021-0036 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/RBF-03-2021-0036
Nguyen, T. (2022). Does financial knowledge matter in using Fintech services? Evidence from an emerging economy. Sustainability, 14(9), 5083. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095083 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095083
Nguyen, V., Sarkari, F., MacNeil, K., Cowan, L. y Rankin, J. (2013). The role of support services in promoting social inclusion for the disadvantaged urban-dwelling elderly. Canadian Geriatrics Journal, 16(4), 156-179. https://doi.org/10.5770/cgj.16.77 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5770/cgj.16.77
Ouyang, S. (2023). Digital financial enigmas: inclusion, privacy, and return [Tesis de doctorado]. Princeton University.
Ozili, P. K. (2018). Impact of digital finance on financial inclusion and stability. Borsa Istanbul Review, 18(4), 329-340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2017.12.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2017.12.003
Panos, G. A. y Wilson, J. O. S. (2020). Financial literacy and responsible finance in the FinTech era: capabilities and challenges. European Journal of Finance, 26(4-5), 297-301. https://doi.org/10.1080/1351847x.2020.1717569 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1351847X.2020.1717569
Park, M. A., Kim, Y., Cha, E. K., Lee, H. J., Lim, G. H. y Shin, H. R. (2024). The relationship between income level and intention to use digital financial services among elderly people: Focusing on the moderating effect of digital information literacy. KISS Koreanstudies Information Service System, 14(1), 73-116. https://doi.org/10.30592/kafc_jfc.14.01.03 DOI: https://doi.org/10.30592/KAFC_JFC.14.01.03
Pinto, H., Nogueira, C. y Vieira, G. (2023). Digitalisation landscape in the European Union: Statistical insights for a digital transformation. European Public & Social Innovation Review, 8(1), 20-38. https://doi.org/10.31637/epsir-2023-233 DOI: https://doi.org/10.31637/epsir-2023-233
Ramírez, D. y Mongrut, S. A. (2004). Análisis financiero en incertidumbre: Una propuesta metodológica. Apuntes, 54, 5-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21678/apuntes.54.536
Ribeiro-Navarrete, S., Botella-Carrubi, D., Palacios-Marqués, D. y Orero-Blat, M. (2021). The effect of digitalization on business performance: An applied study of KIBS. Journal of Business Research, 126, 319-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.12.065 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.12.065
Rico, J. (2020). Guía de evaluación de resultados de políticas públicas. Instituto para la Evaluación de Políticas Públicas. Secretaría de Estado de Función Pública. Ministerio de Política Territorial y Función Pública. NIPO: 277200121. http://publicacionesoficiales.boe.es
Santoso, A., Trinugroho, I., Nugroho, L., Saputro, N. y Purnama, M. (2016). Determinants of financial literacy and financial inclusion disparity within a region: Evidence from Indonesia. Advanced Science Letters, 22(5), 1622-1624. https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2016.6706 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2016.6706
Saraguro, E. (2023). Diferenciación entre entornos de riesgo e incertidumbre en la toma de decisiones económicas: El caso de la crisis del COVID-19. Revista Economía, 75(122), 49-64. https://doi.org/10.29166/economa.v75i122.4633 DOI: https://doi.org/10.29166/economa.v75i122.4633
Silinskas, G., Ahonen, A. K. y Wilska, T. (2023). School and family environments promote adolescents’ financial confidence: Indirect paths to financial literacy skills in Finnish PISA 2018. The Journal of Consumer Affairs, 57(1), 593-618. https://doi.org/10.1111/joca.12513 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/joca.12513
Simon, M. (2023). Fundación La Caixa, 120 años de compromiso social. Mediterráneo económico, 37, 137-149.
Sinche, M. B. A., Brito, R. V. C. y Delgado, M. M. S. (2019). Programas de educación financiera implementados en América Latina. Revista de Investigación, Formación y Desarrollo: Generando Productividad Institucional, 7(2), 72-88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.34070/rif.v7i2.157
Sourbati, M. (2009). ‘It could be useful, but not for me at the moment’: older people, internet access and e-public service provision. New Media & Society, 11(7), 1083-1100. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444809340786 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444809340786
Tinta, A. A., Ouédraogo, I. M. y Al‐Hassan, R. M. (2022). The micro determinants of financial inclusion and financial resilience in Africa. African Development Review, 34(2), 293-306. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8268.12636 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8268.12636
Uthaileang, W. y Kiattisin, S. (2023). Developing the capability of digital financial literacy in developing countries: A case of online loan for small entrepreneurs. Heliyon, 9(12). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21961 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21961
Van Esterik-Plasmeijer, P. y Van Raaij, W. (2017). Banking system trust, bank trust, and bank loyalty. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 35(1), 97-111. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-12-2015-0195 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-12-2015-0195
Willis, L. (2008). Against financial literacy education. Iowa Law Review, 94(1), 197-285.
Xin, Z., Xiao, B., Wang, L. y Xiao, H. (2024). Individuals’ differences in self-assessment: The relationship between subjective and objective financial literacy. Metacognition And Learning, 19(1), 365-379. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-024-09375-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-024-09375-0
Yang, J., Wu, Y. y Huang, B. (2023). Digital finance and financial literacy: Evidence from Chinese households. Journal of Banking & Finance, 156, 107005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2023.107005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2023.107005
Yoo, S. y Sang-Kyu, B. (2007). An analysis of the consumer benefits induced by the digitalization of the broadcasting. Journal of Media Economics & Culture, 5(3), 7-49.
Yucel, O., Celik, G. y Yilmaz, Z. (2023). Sustainable investment attitudes based on sustainable finance literacy and perceived environmental impact. Sustainability, 15(22). https://doi.org/10.3390/su152216026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su152216026
Zhou, J. y Ye, X. (2023). Aging population and digital inclusive finance, a natural experiment from china. PloS One, 18(11). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287292 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287292
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2024 María Elena Líndez Macarro
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Non Commercial, No Derivatives Attribution 4.0. International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.), that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).