Transformation Numérique Des Coopératives Féminines Rurales En Turquie : Contraintes Et Opportunités

Emine Nazlı Aytuna; Alparslan Ergün Ozkaya

Autores/as

Emine Nazlı Aytuna Galatasaray University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6722-9756
Alparslan Ergün Ozkaya Galatasaray University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6687-6713

Palabras clave:

coopérative, Turquie, transformation numérique, femmes, littératie numérique

Resumen

Introduction: Cette étude examine les opportunités et les obstacles liés à la transformation numérique au sein des coopératives féminines rurales en Turquie. Elle vise à analyser le rôle de ces coopératives dans l’autonomisation sociale, économique et personnelle des femmes, ainsi que l’impact des technologies numériques dans ce processus. Méthodologie: La recherche s’appuie sur des entrevues semi-dirigées menées dans deux villages culturellement distincts : Bektaş (Çanakkale) et Atmalı (Adıyaman). Résultats: Les coopératives jouent un rôle essentiel en tant qu’espaces de socialisation, de valorisation des savoir-faire locaux et d’autonomisation économique. Les femmes y intègrent les technologies numériques pour maintenir leurs liens sociaux, promouvoir leurs produits et renforcer leur autonomie. Conclusions et Discussions: La transition numérique est entravée par des facteurs tels qu’un accès inégal aux technologies, une faible littératie numérique et des normes sociales genrées. Pour assurer une participation pleine et équitable, des stratégies d’inclusion numérique adaptées sont nécessaires, incluant la formation, le soutien technique et l’amélioration de l’accessibilité.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Biografía del autor/a

Emine Nazlı Aytuna, Galatasaray University

Elle a effectué ses études de licence en science politique et administration publique à l’Université de Marmara, avant d’obtenir un master et un doctorat en science politique à l’Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne. Depuis 1995, elle poursuit sa carrière académique à la Faculté de Communication de l’Université Galatasaray, où elle est actuellement maîtresse de conférences. Ses recherches portent sur la communication politique, la persuasion, le lobbying, la société de l’information et la psychologie sociale. Elle enseigne ces disciplines aux niveaux licence et master, et développe des travaux interdisciplinaires articulant médias, opinion publique et action politique.

Alparslan Ergün Ozkaya, Galatasaray University

Il a obtenu sa licence en Communication à l’Université Galatasaray et à l’Université Bordeaux Montaigne en 2022. Il a ensuite poursuivi un master en Relations publiques à l’Université d’Istanbul, qu’il a achevé en 2024. Actuellement, il prépare un doctorat dans le même domaine et au sein du même établissement. Depuis 2023, il occupe le poste d’assistant de recherche à l’Université Galatasaray. Ses études portent principalement sur les relations publiques, la communication stratégique ainsi que sur des approches interdisciplinaires en études médiatiques et culturelles.

Citas

Agarwal, B. (2018). Capacity Building and Empowerment of Women in Climate Adaptation: A Key to Resilient Communities. Environmental Research and Sustainability, 12, 214-230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ers.2018.02.014

Agarwal, R., & Chatterjee, M. (2022). Leveraging digital technologies to enable women’s co-operatives: experience of national insurance VimoSEWA Co-operative Ltd. Gender & Development, 30(3), 725-745. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552074.2022.2144615

Angade, K. (2024). Cooperative entrepreneurship in Morocco: The case study of women's cooperatives in the Souss Massa region (CIRIEC Working Paper No. 2024/02). CIRIEC – Université de Liège. https://acortar.link/9NMufm

Ashraf, N., Karlan, D., & Yin, W. (2010). Female empowerment: Impact of a commitment savings product in the Philippines. World Development, 38(3), 333-344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2009.05.010

Atakan, A. G., & Çoban, A. (2022). Türkiye’de kadınların kooperatifler yoluyla güçlenmesi: Yasal ve yapısal stratejiler. Uluslararası Çalışma Örgütü (ILO). https://acortar.link/qIHlzN

Ay, S., & Kılıç, T. (2023). Coğrafi dijital uçurum: Türkiye’de dijital dönüşümün kentsel-kırsal, bölgesel ve cinsiyet eşitsizlikleri. Journal of Geography, 46, 111-122. https://doi.org/10.26650/JGEOG2023-1169477

Başaran, B., & Oraman, Y. (2022). Importance And Place Of Digital Marketing in Improvement of Woman Cooperatives. Horizons-International Scientific Journal, 30(1), 79-90. https://doi.org/10.20544/HORIZONS.A.30.1.22.P06

Bharti, N. (2021). “Role of cooperatives in economic empowerment of women: a review of Indian experiences”. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 17(4), 617-631. https://doi.org/10.1108/WJEMSD-07-2020-0095

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

Brogan, G.S. & Dooley, K.E. (2024), "Weaving together social capital to empower women artisan entrepreneurs", International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 16(1), 69-88. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJGE-03-2023-0076

Budi, F. T., Amungwa, F. A., & Manu, I. N. (2021). Women’s Participation in Agricultural Cooperative Activities in the Era of Liberalization in the North West and South West Regions of Cameroon. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economics & Sociology, 39(1), 136-152. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajaees/2021/v39i130517

Carini, C., Costa, E., Carpita, M., Andreaus, M., & Borzaga, C. (2022). World Cooperative Monitor 2022: Exploring the role of digital transformation in cooperative enterprises. International Cooperative Alliance. https://shorturl.at/dI2ot

Datta, P. B. & Gailey, R. (2012) Empowering Women through Social Entrepreneurship: Case Study of a Women’s Cooperative in India. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36, 569-587. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2012.00505.x

Demircan Yıldırım, P. (2020). Kırsal Kalkınmada Kadın Kooperatiflerinin Rolü: Ahatli Kadin Kooperatifi Örneği. Erzurum Teknik Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 11,

159-170. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/etusbed/issue/56704/773656#article_cite

Desai, R. M., & Joshi, S. (2013). Can Producer Associations Improve Rural Livelihoods? Evidence from Farmer Centres in India. The Journal of Development Studies, 50(1), 64-80. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2013.849339

Dewi, R., Eliyana, A., & Anwar, A. (2022). The role of women entrepreneurship antecedents in supporting social and economic well-being. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 20(2), 438-447. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.20(2).2022.36

Ecevit, Y. (2021). Toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğinin temel kavramları: Eğitim materyali. CEİD Yayınları. https://acortar.link/X0okQw

Ek¬men, M. E. (2020). Kadınların zor günlerden çıkış yolu: Kooperatifler. Türk Tarım ve Orman Dergisi. https://acortar.link/DIeULB

FAO-Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2023). The status of women in agrifood systems–Overview. Rome. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc5060en

FAO-Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2024). Women-led cooperatives support programme. Ankara. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc9567en

García Zaballos, A., Jorge, S., Dalio, M., Makwakwa, O., & Albornoz Basto, N. (2024). Digital inclusion strategies: A primer for Latin American policymakers. Inter-American Development Bank. https://shorturl.at/HLCaa

GMKA-Güney Marmara Kalkınma Ajansı. (2024). Güney Marmara Bölgesi'nde faaliyet gösteren kadın kooperatiflerinin eğitim ve rehberlik yoluyla güçlendirilmesi programı: Final raporu. https://bit.ly/4k8qtrv

Gómez Carrasco I. (2019). Women-led cooperatives in Spain: Empowering or Perpetuating Gender Roles? REVESCO. Revista de Estudios Cooperativos, 131, 48-64. https://doi.org/10.5209/REVE.63560

GTHB-Gıda, Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı. (2012). Kırsal Alanda Kadının Güçlendirilmesi Ulusal Eylem Planı (2012-2016). Eğitim, Yayım ve Yayınlar Dairesi Başkanlığı. https://dspace.ceid.org.tr/handle/1/248

Hargittai, E. (2007). The social, political, economic, and cultural dimensions of search engines: An introduction. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12(3), 769-777. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00349.x

Heeks, R. B., & Arun, S. (2010). Social outsourcing as a development tool. Journal of International Development, 22(4), 441-454. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.1580

Hilbert, M., & López, P. (2011). The world's technological capacity to store, communicate, and compute information. Science, 332(6025), 60-65. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1200970

Huatuco Soto, G. I., & Robles Pastor, B. F. (2025). Estrategias de resiliencia para el afrontamiento de las perturbaciones del turismo comunitario en Puno, Perú. European Public & Social Innovation Review, 10, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.31637/epsir-2025-1377

Jorge-Vázquez, J., Chivite-Cebolla, M. P., & Salinas-Ramos, F. (2021). The Digitalization of the European Agri-Food Cooperative Sector. Determining Factors to Embrace Information and Communication Technologies. Agriculture, 11(6), 514. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11060514

Jozami, M., Mora, C., Aguirre Negrete, L., Amigo, H., Merino, M. F., & Jimenez Orjuela, J. E. (2023). Exporting beyond forecast: 24 experiences of women leading companies and cooperatives in Latin America and the Caribbean. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004992

Kantar-Davran, M., & Sevinç, M. R., (2021). Tarımsal Üretim ve Pazarlamada Kadın Kooperatifleri: Adana Örneği. Tarım Ürünleri Üretimi ve Tarımsal Pazarlama (pp.169-211), İksad Publishing House. https://bit.ly/3GOFVuM

Kasparian, D., Súnico, A., Grasas, J., & Cófreces, J. (2023). Socio-Labour Inclusion of Low-Income Women in the Digital Economy: A Comparison between Corporate and Cooperative Domestic Work Platforms. Social Sciences, 12(10), 579. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12100579

Kulak, E. (2011). Tarımsal üretim süreçlerindeki değişimin kırsal alanda kadın istihdamına etkileri: 1980 sonrası gelişmeler (Uzmanlık tezi). T.C. Başbakanlık Kadının Statüsü Genel Müdürlüğü. https://www.aile.gov.tr/media/2531/esrakulak.pdf

Kutay, T. (2022). Kırsal Kalkınmada Kadın Kooperatiflerinin Önemi: Türkiye Özelinde Bir Değerlendirme. Politik Ekonomik Kuram, 6(1), 119-150. https://doi.org/10.30586/pek.1020843

Lafont, J. & Saura, J. & Ribeiro-Soriano, D. (2023). The role of cooperatives in sustainable development goals: A discussion about the current resource curse. Resources Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.103670

Mayoux, L. (2002). Microfinance and womens empowerment: rethinking “best practice.” Development Bulletin, 57 (1), 76-80. https://bit.ly/4jM5laJ

Molyneux, M. (2002). Gender and the silences of social capital: Lessons from Latin America. Development and Change, 33(2), 167-188. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-7660.00246

Narayan, D., & Pritchett, L. (1999). Cents and Sociability: Household Income and Social Capital in Rural Tanzania. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 47(4), 871–897. https://doi.org/10.1086/452436

Nyandwi, M.R. (1998). Genre, coopératives et développement: Impacts de la participation des femmes aux associations coopératives agricoles et les rapports de genre. Le cas de la commune Ngoma au Rwanda [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Université Laval. https://giersa.openum.ca/files/sites/262/2025/01/1998_NYANDWI.pdf

ONU Femmes. (2021). Progrès vers la réalisation des objectifs de développement durable: Gros plan sur l’égalité des sexes 2021. https://bit.ly/43xI9GH

Özdemir G. (2013). “Women’s Cooperatives in Turkey.” Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 81, 300-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.432

Putnam, R.D. (2000). Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital. In Crothers, L., Lockhart, C. (Eds.), Culture and Politics. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-62965-7_12

Soysal, A. (2013). Kırsal Alanda Kadın Girişimciliği:Türkiye İçin Durum Değerlendirmesi. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 8(1), 163-190. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/oguiibf/issue/5715/76503

Theeuwen, A., Duplat, V., Wickert, C., & Tjemkes, B. (2021). How Do Women Overcome Gender Inequality by Forming Small-Scale Cooperatives? The Case of the Agricultural Sector in Uganda. Sustainability, 13(4), 1797. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041797

TOB-Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı. (2023). Kadın Kooperatifleri Yurtiçi Deneyim Paylaşım Toplantısı ve Ziyareti Gerçekleştirildi. Bursa İl Tarım ve Orman Müdürlüğü. https://acortar.link/PePGto

TOB- Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı. (2024). Ulusal Kırsal Kalkınma Stratejisi IV (2024–2028). https://www.tarimorman.gov.tr/TRGM/Belgeler/0Yayınlarımız/UKKS%20IV.PDF

TÜİK-Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2024). Hanehalkı Bilişim Teknolojileri (BT) Kullanım Araştırması. https://shorturl.at/Wg7WN

van Dijk, J., & Hacker, K. (2003). The Digital Divide as a Complex and Dynamic Phenomenon. The Information Society, 19(4), 315-326. https://doi.org/10.1080/01972240309487

Wafae, T., & Sara, R. (2021). Women's rural cooperatives in Morocco: Challenges and collapses. International Journal of Interdisciplinary Gender Studies, 2(1), 85-103. https://acortar.link/vpx9w3

Warschauer, M. (2004). Technology and social inclusion: Rethinking the digital divide. MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/6699.001.0001

World Bank. (2021). Digital development note on gender equality. https://tinyurl.com/67dtcykh