Modelo teórico de la escala de sinestesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31637/epsir-2026-2964Palabras clave:
sinestesia, psicometría, percepción, cognición, escala de Likert, neurociencia, fenomenología, adolescenciaResumen
Introducción: La sinestesia es un fenómeno perceptivo caracterizado por la activación automática de experiencias sensoriales adicionales en respuesta a estímulos específicos. La evidencia neurocientífica muestra que tales asociaciones son estables, consistentes e idiosincráticas a lo largo del tiempo, y recientemente se han interpretado como una expresión de neurodiversidad con implicaciones cognitivas y educativas. Objetivos: El estudio pretende desarrollar una herramienta psicomédica multidimensional para medir la sinestesia, superando las limitaciones de los enfoques tradicionales. Metodología: Se adoptó un diseño exploratorio de métodos mixtos para construir y probar preliminarmente una escala articulada compuesta por 30 ítems divididos en seis dominios fenomenológicos y cognitivos: automaticidad, vivacidad perceptiva, coherencia temporal, especificidad, localización espacial y conciencia fenomenológica. Resultados: La escala mostró una buena capacidad para distinguir entre perfiles sinestésico, no sinestésico e intermedio, mostrando estabilidad de respuestas a lo largo del tiempo. Discusión: Los resultados apoyan una visión continua y multidimensional de la sinestesia, confirmando el papel central de la automaticidad y la coherencia, pero también de dimensiones fenomenológicas menos exploradas. Conclusiones: La escala desarrollada representa una herramienta prometedora para futuras investigaciones, contribuyendo a una comprensión más articulada de la sinestesia y las diferencias individuales en los procesos perceptivo-cognitivos.
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