Nuevos horizontes informativos: ¿es profesional el periodismo en Twitch?

Lizette Martínez Valerio; Ainhoa Espada Ipiña

doi:10.31637/epsir-2024-459

Authors

Lizette Martínez Valerio Rey Juan Carlos University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3164-8195
Ainhoa Espada Ipiña Rey Juan Carlos University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31637/epsir-2024-459

Keywords:

journalism, Twitch, streaming, social media, journalists, professional journalism, digital media, content creation

Abstract

Introduction: Twitch has established itself as a new showcase for all kinds of communicators. However, the perception of Twitch broadcasts is far from the image of professional media. Therefore, this research aims to determine whether the journalism practiced on Twitch is amateur in nature or whether it is more akin to professional journalism. Methodology: The study focuses on the content analysis of journalists' and digital media profiles on Twitch, identifying similarities and contrasts with what is done in professional environments and studying the elements and forms used. Results: Despite operating on a platform whose primary audience is mostly young people, both journalists and digital media perform professional work that is evident in the formal elements and content, thus moving away from the stereotypes commonly associated with Twitch broadcasts. Discussions: The results confirm those of previous analyses that pointed to the formality of some broadcasts and point to new avenues of research. Conclusions: The platform's ability to foster interaction between journalists and their audience, the diversity of topics and its global reach make it an ideal medium for reaching new audiences without compromising on news quality.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Lizette Martínez Valerio, Rey Juan Carlos University

Degree in Journalism from the Complutense University of Madrid. Pre-doctoral fellow and European Doctor Cum Laude in Information Sciences at UCM (June 2015). Digital journalist MarketingDirecto.com (2006-2023). Specialist in “Applied social research and data analysis” by the CIS. Professor at the International University of La Rioja (February 2016 - February 2020). Director of the Master in Investigative Journalism, Data and Visualization at UNIR (December 2018 - February 2020). Professor at the Universidad Rey Juan Carlos since September 2019. Full professor since January 2024 and two sexenios of research recognized by the CNEAI. Research areas: social networks and youth; history of television in Spain.

Ainhoa Espada Ipiña, Rey Juan Carlos University

Double degree in History and Journalism from Universidad Rey Juan Carlos. Work experience in COMversatorio (magazine of the Universidad Rey Juan Carlos) and Mediomultimedia.com, as well as internship at the National Archaeological Museum. Specialized in Contemporary History (19th century) and in the study of History with a gender perspective, in addition to communication in digital media and online content creation. Committed to research and dissemination of historical and journalistic knowledge on digital platforms.

References

Abarbanel, B. y Johnson, M. R. (2020). Gambling engagement mechanisms in Twitch live streaming. International Gambling Studies, 20(3), 393-413. https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2020.1766097 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2020.1766097

Alcudia Borreguero, M. y Cervera Barriga, E. (2024). ‘Twitch Interviews’: teaching innovation in audiovisual journalism: Interviews with Radio and TV Professionals. VISUAL REVIEW. International Visual Culture Review Revista Internacional De Cultura Visual, 16(2), 171–180. https://doi.org/10.62161/revvisual.v16.5239 DOI: https://doi.org/10.62161/revvisual.v16.5239

Anderson, S. L. (2017). Watching people is not a game: Interactive online corporeality, twitch.tv and videogame streams. The International Journal of Computer Game Research, 17(1). https://bit.ly/3sKLAHo

Chen, C.C. y Lin, Y. C. (2018). What drives live-stream usage intention? The perspectives of flow, entertainment, social interaction, and endorsement. Telematics and Informatics, 35(1), 293-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2017.12.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2017.12.003

García Chamizo, F., Carrero Márquez, O. y Berdasco-Gancedo, Y. (2023). La desintermediación en Twitch: el caso de Luis Enrique en Catar, el seleccionador-streamer. AdComunica, (26), 253–282. https://doi.org/10.6035/adcomunica.7252 DOI: https://doi.org/10.6035/adcomunica.7252

González-López, R., Negreira-Rey, M. C. y Vázquez-Herrero, J. (2024). Periodismo en Twitch: análisis exploratorio de las primeras iniciativas informativas. Revista De Comunicación, 23(1), 221–258. https://doi.org/10.26441/RC23.1-2024-3433 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26441/RC23.1-2024-3433

Gutiérrez Lozano, J. F. y Cuartero, A. (2020). El auge de Twitch: nuevas ofertas audiovisuales y cambios del consumo televisivo entre la audiencia juvenil. Ámbitos. Revista Internacional de Comunicación, 50, 159-175. https://doi.org/10.12795/Ambitos.2020.i50.11 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12795/Ambitos.2020.i50.11

Gutiérrez, J. F. y Cuartero, A. (2022). La construcción mediática de los ídolos juveniles de Twitch: los creadores de contenido y su presencia creciente en los medios españoles. AdComunica, (23), 251-274. https://doi.org/10.6035/adcomunica.5936 DOI: https://doi.org/10.6035/adcomunica.5936

Hamilton, W. A., Garretson, O. y Kerne, A. (2014). Streaming on twitch: fostering participatory communities of play within live mixed media. En Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems, 1315- 1324. https://doi.org/10.1145/2556288.2557048 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/2556288.2557048

Hilvert-Bruce, Z., Neill, J. T., Sjöblom, M. y Hamari, J. (2018). Social motivations of live-streaming viewer engagement on Twitch. Computers in Human Behavior, 84, 58-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.02.013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.02.013

Islas-Carmona, J. O. (2008). El prosumidor: el actor comunicativo de la sociedad de la ubicuidad. Palabra Clave, 11(1), 29-39. https://www.redalyc.org/comocitar.oa?id=64911103 DOI: https://doi.org/10.38056/2008aiccXV318

Leith, A. P. (2021). Parasocial cues: The ubiquity of parasocial relationships on Twitch. Communication Monographs, 88(1), 111-129. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2020.1868544 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03637751.2020.1868544

Marín-Sanchiz, C. R., Valero-Pastor, J. M. y Rojas-Torrijos, J. L. (2022). Periodismo deportivo en plataformas crecientes: análisis de las retransmisiones futbolísticas en Twitch a través de LaLiga Casters. Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodístico, 28(2), 329–339. https://doi.org/10.5209/esmp.77426 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5209/esmp.77426

Martín-Muñoz, D. y Pedrero, L. M. (2021). Deporte y espectáculo en la narrativa de los ‘e-sports’: el caso de ‘League of Legends’. Index Comunicación, 11(2), 59-79. https://doi.org/10.33732/ixc/11/02Deport DOI: https://doi.org/10.33732/ixc/11/02Deport

Olivares-García, F. J. y Méndez-Majuelos, I. (2021). Periodistas y comunicadores en Twitch: medios más allá de las redes sociales. Análisi: Quaderns de Comunicació i Cultura, (66), 45-61. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/analisi.3473 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/analisi.3473

Público (14 de mayo de 2017). Radiocable, la primera radio por internet, cumple veinte años. https://www.publico.es/culturas/radiocable-primera-radio-internet-cumple.html

Quintas-Froufe, N. y González-Neira, A. (2022). First studies of the migration of television content to Twitch in Spain. En A. Rocha, D. Barredo, P. C. López-López, y I. Puentes-Rivera (Eds.), Communication and Smart Technologies. ICOMTA 2021. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies (pp. 365–373). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5792-4_36 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5792-4_36

Rodríguez Hernández, L. M. (2019). Los medios de comunicación en las plataformas digitales. Un acercamiento al futuro inmediato de las exigencias a los profesionales de la radio. (Trabajo de Fin de Grado). Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios. Bogotá.

Rodríguez, J., Ortega, E. y Padilla-Castillo, G. (2022). Medios de comunicación españoles en Twitch. Cambio de paradigma del periodismo hacia el streaming. En A. Castellet y J. P. Carañana (Eds.). Periodismo en red: Acción y reflexión (pp. 1ª. ed. 137-154). Salamanca. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52495/c7.emcs.13.p99

Rojas-Torrijos, J. L. y C. Pérez-Curiel (2020). Nuevos espacios para la redefinición de la profesión periodística. En: M.J. Ruiz-Acosta y A. López Hidalgo (Eds.). El periodismo en tiempos de realidad virtual (pp. 67-92). Comunicación Social.

Sánchez Herrera, J. y Pintado Blanco, T. (2012). Nuevas tendencias en comunicación. ESIC Editorial.

Segovia, M. (2021). «Twitch, una ventana emergente para las marcas», Anuncios: Semanario de publicidad y marketing, 1635 (febrero), 30-31.

Silva, C., Jiménez, G. y Elías, R. (2012). De la sociedad de la información a la sociedad digital. Web 2.0 y redes sociales en el panorama mediático actual. Revista F@ro, (15), 1-14. http://hdl.handle.net/11441/29116

Sixto-García, J. y Losada-Fernández, D. (2023). Spanish Twitch streamers: Personal influence in a broadcast model akin to television. Convergence, 29(3), 713–729. https://doi.org/10.1177/13548565221149892 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/13548565221149892

Sjöblom, M. y Hamari, J. (2017). Why do people watch others play video games? An empirical study on the motivations of twitch users. Computers in Human Behavior, 75, 985-996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.10.019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.10.019

Sjöblom, M., Törhönen, M., Hamari, J., y Macey, J. (2019). The ingredients of Twitch streaming: Affordances of game streams. Computers in Human Behavior, 92, 20-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.10.012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.10.012

Spilker, H. S., Ask, K., y Hansen, M. (2020). The new practices and infrastructures of participation: How the popularity of Twitch.tv challenges old and new ideas about television viewing. Information, Communication & Society, 23(4), 605–620. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2018.1529193 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2018.1529193

Woodcock, J., y Johnson, M. R. (2019a). Live Streamers on Twitch.tv as Social Media Influencers: Chances and Challenges for Strategic Communication. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 13(4), 321-335. https://doi.org/10.1080/1553118X.2019.1630412 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1553118X.2019.1630412

Woodcock, J., y Johnson, M. R. (2019b). The Affective Labor and Performance of Live Streaming on Twitch.tv. Television & New Media, 20(8), 813-823. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527476419851077 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1527476419851077