Privacidad financiera en las CBDC: estándares, diseños y adopción comparada
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31637/epsir-2026-2823Parole chiave:
CBDC, privacidad financiera, euro digital, anonimato, pagos offline, protección de datos, adopción, gobernanza de datosAbstract
Introducción: La investigación examina cómo las monedas digitales de banco central (CBDCs), reconfiguran la privacidad financiera al reemplazar transacciones anónimas en efectivo por registros digitales trazables. Metodología: El trabajo se configura como un estudio cualitativo descriptivo, de base documental y comparativa, sustentado en el análisis de fuentes públicas, regulatorias, académicas y técnicas. Metodológicamente, combina análisis documental y estudio comparado de casos (UE, China, Nigeria, Jamaica, Suecia y Bahamas), junto con el examen de proyectos multi-CBDC (Jura y Dunbar). Resultados: Los resultados muestran que los marcos más robustos integran “privacidad por diseño”, minimización de datos y separación identidad-transacción; con pagos offline de alta privacidad (UE). China aplica “anonimato controlable” mediante umbrales KYC; Bahamas adopta niveles por límites; Jamaica exige KYC universal con trazabilidad total; Nigeria opera en red permisionada con acceso amplio del banco central, lo que se asocia a baja adopción. Los pilotos transfronterizos validan la viabilidad técnica, pero evidencian que la gobernanza y el intercambio mínimo de datos son el cuello de botella. Discusión: La discusión subraya que las elecciones de arquitectura traducen prioridades de política y condicionan la confianza: offline, umbrales y auditorías independientes mejoran la aceptabilidad. Conclusiones: Se concluye que solo una CBDC con garantías verificables y experiencias “similares al dinero efectivo” alcanzarán una adopción sostenida; sin ellas, prevalece la percepción de vigilancia y el uso es marginal.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Pablo García González, Sergio Luis Nañez Aloso
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