Conocimiento, emociones y actitudes ante la inteligencia artificial en España

Antón Lodeiro-Vázquez; Bran Barral-Buceta; Francisco Eduardo Haz-Gómez

doi:10.31637/epsir-2026-2844

Authors

Antón Lodeiro-Vázquez Universidade de Santiago de Compostela https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4066-4860
Bran Barral-Buceta Universidade de Santiago de Compostela https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3656-0846
Francisco Eduardo Haz-Gómez Universidade de Santiago de Compostela https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4400-3978

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31637/epsir-2026-2844

Keywords:

AI (Artificial Intelligence), Digital Exclusion, Technological Change, Spain, Emotions, Digital Skills, Elderly, Education Level

Abstract

Introduction: The proliferation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools, predominantly driven by generative models, signifies a pivotal social transition, giving rise to a multitude of attitudes among the population. Methodology: The primary objective of this study is to explore the relationship between knowledge of AI and attitudes towards it, observing its relationship with variables such as age, level of education, and level of knowledge. Study 3495 from the Centre for Sociological Research on AI is utilised for descriptive analyses of the present state of affairs, comparative analyses of means, and concluding with a Multiple Correspondence Analysis of attitudinal profiles. Results: An emotional dichotomy is evidenced by prevailing uncertainty and the presence of optimistic sentiments among individuals with a deeper understanding of artificial intelligence, higher education, and younger demographics. Conversely, fear is predominant among the elderly and those with a basic education. Discussion: The sociodemographic factors emphasised by the literature when addressing AI, such as age or educational level, are shown to be key, while knowledge and familiarity with these technologies, and above all legitimacy, require further research. Conclusions: Perceptions of AI reflect social disparities, emphasising the ongoing presence of pre-existing gaps and underscoring the necessity for equitable digital literacy.

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Author Biographies

Antón Lodeiro-Vázquez, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

He holds a degree in Political Science and Public Administration from the University of Santiago de Compostela and a Master’s degree in Human Rights, Democracy and International Justice from the University of Valencia. He is currently pursuing a PhD in the Programme on Marketing, Politics, Actors and Institutions in Contemporary Societies at the USC, as an FPI researcher, focusing his research on the digital exclusion of older people in public administration. His research has covered a range of topics, including public policy, equality, public management, citizen participation processes, e-government and the development of social policies. His work in areas such as eHealth, active ageing and digital exclusion is particularly noteworthy.

Bran Barral-Buceta, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

PhD in Political Science and Assistant Professor of Sociology at the USC. He teaches on the Political Science, Business Administration and Economics programmes, focusing on the application of sociological methodologies to the study and evaluation of public policy. His research focuses on the intersection between technology, governance and inequality, with a particular interest in eHealth, eGovernment and digital inclusion. He has participated in national and European research projects and collaborates with the ISOPOLIS group, IDEGA and the CEPAIM Foundation on initiatives for social inclusion and bridging the digital divide.

Francisco Eduardo Haz-Gómez, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

Bachelor’s degree in Sociology, University of A Coruña (2004); Bachelor’s degree in Social and Cultural Anthropology, UNED (2009); Graduate Diploma in Social Work, UNED (2021); and International PhD in Sociology and Political Science from the University of A Coruña (2016). He is currently a lecturer in the Department of Political Science and Sociology at the University of Santiago de Compostela. He is also a member of the Social Research and Public Policy (ISOPOLIS) team and a researcher at the Galician Institute for Research and Development (IDEGA). He has extensive experience in the field of social research in areas such as: research methodology, social exclusion, the digital society, public policy and urban sociology, amongst others.

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